LD 34 Flashcards
No pulse, and no breath ?
Perform CPR
Pulse and not breathing ?
Perform rescue breath
-breathing for the victim
Clinical Death
when breathing and circulation stops
-It may be reversible if CPR is initiated immediately
Biological Death
When the brain cells die due to lack of oxygen
-takes place 4-6min. after breathing and circulation stop
AED
Automated external defibulator
Two ways to open the airway
Jaw thrust and head tilt chin lift
Two ways to clear an airway obstruction
- abdominal thrust (conscious)
- chest compressions (unconscious)
- chest thrust (for obese or pregnant people)
*if and only if you can see the object you may do a finger sweep
Rescue Breath
Pulse but not breathing
- Adult: 1 breath every 5-6 sec
- Child: 1 breath every 3-5 sce
- check pulse every 2 min.
Two techniques to control bleeding
direct pressure and the tourniquet
4 Classification Categories
Deceased
Immediate (priority)
-over 30 breaths/min, pulse more than 2 seconds and unable to follow commands
Delayed (2nd in line)
Minor (3rd)
*classification based on breathing, circulation, and mental status
Abrasion
Scraping away of outer skin
Incision
Smooth straight cut
Ex. Paper or razor cut
Laceration
Jagged edge wound
Ex. Broken glass, metal
Puncture
Deep wound through the skin and tissue
Ex. Knives, arrows, bullets
Avulsion
Part of the body forcibly torn away
Ex. Tip of nose, ear etc
Amputation
Surgical or traumatic removal of a body part
Treating for shock
Control Bleeding Maintain body Temp. Position to maintain blood flow Reassure victim Monitor
Experienced Stroke
You elevate the head and shoulders
Fracture of any lower limbs
Do not elevate legs
Joints
Place where bones fit together
-critical in order for body to move
Skeletal muscle
Soft fibrous tissue
-controls all conscious or deliberate movement of bones and joints
Cartilage
Connective tissues that cover the end of the bones
Tendons
Nada of connective tissue that binds muscles to bones
Pathogens
Causes infections and diseases that are spread through the air or by contact with blood or body fluids
Bacteria
Microscopic organs that live in humans, animals, plants, water, soil etc.
- humans have bad and good bacteria, the bad bacteria is a pathogen
Virus
Submicroscopic agent capable of infecting living cells, once inside the cell it can reproduce & cause illnesses or diseases
Two primary ways pathogens are spread
Airborne and blood borne
Chain of commission for pathogens
Infectious agent (bacteria, virus) > reservoir > portal of exit> mode of transmission > portal of entry > another person
Moving victims
Should only be moved if
- the danger outweighs the risk of further injuring the victim
- rescuer is unable to asses
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
-artificially restoring and maintaining a victims breath and circulation
Treat for shock
- Control bleeding and other injuries
- be alert for vomiting
- maintain body temp.
- place victim in positing to maintain blood flow
- reassure and monitor victim
Head injury
Do not apply direct pressure
- prepare for vomit
- treat for shock
- do not elevate legs
- if impaired objects to the head are obstructing airway attempt to remove and place dressing on both sides
Types of chest and abdominal injuries
Blunt trauma
-blow to the chest that can cause fractured bones, damage to vital organs
-Penetrating objects (knives, bullets, glass)
- Compression (striking a steering wheel)
- blood loss
- fractured bones, ruptured lungs
Closed chest wounds
Flail chest: Occurs when the ribs and or sternum is fractured and a segment of the chest wall does not rise with the rest of the chest during respiration
- same as Paradoxical breathing
- place victim is recovery position on injured side
Open chest wounds
Apply an occlusive dressing which is a non porous dressing (plastic bag) used to cover a wound and create an airtight seal
Closed abdominal wounds
- You can suspect a closed wound if victim is in a fetal position
- rapid or shallow breathing
- tender abdomen to the touch
- treat for shock continue to monitor
Open abdominal wounds
Apply sterile dressing to control bleeding
Protruding Organs
Cover with moist sterile dressing and seal with an airtight bandage
*Do Not Attempt to replace or remove
First degree burns
Damage to the outer most layer of the skin which is the epidermis (mild sunburn)
Second degree burn
Damage done to the epidermis and the dermis which is the layer with hair follicles, nerves, and sweat glands.
-skin will be red and blistery
Third degree burns
Damage done to the epidermis, dermis, and the fatty layer, including the muscle under the skin
- most serious burn, skin may appear leathery
- over burning will lead to hypothermia
Most common type of burns
Thermal -direct heat (fire, steam, hot object, fluid) Chemical -acid Electrical -electrocution, lightening Radiation -excessive exposure to radiation
Indicators of Cardia emergency
- chest pains
- radiating pains
- vital signs (difficulty breathing, abnormal pulse)
- mental status (anxiety, short temper)
- Other
Treating cardiac emergencies
- place victim in comfortable position
- keep victim calm and still
Indicators of seizures
- staring spells
- tick like movements
- lip smacking
- urination on self
- purposeless sounds and movements
- eyes rolling upward
Indicators of stroke
CVA (cerebrovascular accident)
Mental status( confusion, delirium)
Mobility
-paralysis on one side of body
-numb or weakness of a limb
-CONVULSIONS
Vision (unequal pupil size, sensitive to light)
Comm.(slurred speech)Diabetic Emergencies (insulin shock)
Insulin Shock (most common)
- skin ( pale, moist, clammy)
- normal breathing
- mental status (hostile, fainting, seizure)
- rapid pulse
Diabetic Emergency (diabetic coma)
- skin ( red, warm)
- breathing (labored, sweet smell)
- mental status (restlessness, confusion)
- pulse (weak, rapid pulse)
- dry mouth, thirsty, vomit
Hypothermia
Occurs when the body’s temperature drops to the point where the body systems are affected
Mild moderate hypothermia
- violent shivering
- numbness
- fatigue
- cold skin
- confusion
Severe hypothermia
- lack of shivering
- rigid muscles
- slow weak pulse
- blue grey skin
Frostnip
Freezing of skins outer layer
Frostbite
Freezing of skins tissue below skin surface
*do not rub or all refreezing after victim warms up
Heat cramps
When the body loses too much salt due to prolonged perspiration
-painful muscle spasms usually in the legs or abdomen
Heat exhaustion
- profuse sweating
- dizziness
- rapid pulse
- weakness
- nausea and vomiting
Heat stroke
Occurs when body temperature is abnormally high
- a life threatening condition
- red hot dry skin, possible seizure/unconsciousness
Transporting pregnant women
Can be transported if in first stage of labor if
- limb presentation
- breech presentation
- cord presentation
- Delayed delivery
- excessive bleeding
Do not transport
If woman is in second stage of labor
- contractions are les than 2 min apart
- woman feels urgent need to bear down
- crowing
- amniotic sac has ruptured (water broke)
