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LD 34 Flashcards

1
Q

No pulse, and no breath ?

A

Perform CPR

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2
Q

Pulse and not breathing ?

A

Perform rescue breath

-breathing for the victim

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3
Q

Clinical Death

A

when breathing and circulation stops

-It may be reversible if CPR is initiated immediately

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4
Q

Biological Death

A

When the brain cells die due to lack of oxygen

-takes place 4-6min. after breathing and circulation stop

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5
Q

AED

A

Automated external defibulator

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6
Q

Two ways to open the airway

A

Jaw thrust and head tilt chin lift

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7
Q

Two ways to clear an airway obstruction

A
  • abdominal thrust (conscious)
  • chest compressions (unconscious)
  • chest thrust (for obese or pregnant people)

*if and only if you can see the object you may do a finger sweep

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8
Q

Rescue Breath

A

Pulse but not breathing

  • Adult: 1 breath every 5-6 sec
  • Child: 1 breath every 3-5 sce
  • check pulse every 2 min.
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9
Q

Two techniques to control bleeding

A

direct pressure and the tourniquet

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10
Q

4 Classification Categories

A

Deceased

Immediate (priority)
-over 30 breaths/min, pulse more than 2 seconds and unable to follow commands

Delayed (2nd in line)

Minor (3rd)

*classification based on breathing, circulation, and mental status

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11
Q

Abrasion

A

Scraping away of outer skin

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12
Q

Incision

A

Smooth straight cut

Ex. Paper or razor cut

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13
Q

Laceration

A

Jagged edge wound

Ex. Broken glass, metal

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14
Q

Puncture

A

Deep wound through the skin and tissue

Ex. Knives, arrows, bullets

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15
Q

Avulsion

A

Part of the body forcibly torn away

Ex. Tip of nose, ear etc

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16
Q

Amputation

A

Surgical or traumatic removal of a body part

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17
Q

Treating for shock

A 
Control Bleeding 
Maintain body Temp.
Position to maintain blood flow
Reassure victim 
Monitor
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18
Q

Experienced Stroke

A

You elevate the head and shoulders

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19
Q

Fracture of any lower limbs

A

Do not elevate legs

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20
Q

Joints

A

Place where bones fit together

-critical in order for body to move

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21
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Soft fibrous tissue

-controls all conscious or deliberate movement of bones and joints

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22
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissues that cover the end of the bones

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23
Q

Tendons

A

Nada of connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

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24
Q

Pathogens

A

Causes infections and diseases that are spread through the air or by contact with blood or body fluids

25
Bacteria
Microscopic organs that live in humans, animals, plants, water, soil etc. * humans have bad and good bacteria, the bad bacteria is a pathogen
26
Virus
Submicroscopic agent capable of infecting living cells, once inside the cell it can reproduce & cause illnesses or diseases
27
Two primary ways pathogens are spread
Airborne and blood borne
28
Chain of commission for pathogens
Infectious agent (bacteria, virus) > reservoir > portal of exit> mode of transmission > portal of entry > another person
29
Moving victims
Should only be moved if - the danger outweighs the risk of further injuring the victim - rescuer is unable to asses
30
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | -artificially restoring and maintaining a victims breath and circulation
31
Treat for shock
- Control bleeding and other injuries - be alert for vomiting - maintain body temp. - place victim in positing to maintain blood flow - reassure and monitor victim
32
Head injury
Do not apply direct pressure - prepare for vomit - treat for shock - do not elevate legs * if impaired objects to the head are obstructing airway attempt to remove and place dressing on both sides
33
Types of chest and abdominal injuries
Blunt trauma -blow to the chest that can cause fractured bones, damage to vital organs -Penetrating objects (knives, bullets, glass) - Compression (striking a steering wheel) - blood loss - fractured bones, ruptured lungs
34
Closed chest wounds
Flail chest: Occurs when the ribs and or sternum is fractured and a segment of the chest wall does not rise with the rest of the chest during respiration * same as Paradoxical breathing * place victim is recovery position on injured side
35
Open chest wounds
Apply an occlusive dressing which is a non porous dressing (plastic bag) used to cover a wound and create an airtight seal
36
Closed abdominal wounds
- You can suspect a closed wound if victim is in a fetal position - rapid or shallow breathing - tender abdomen to the touch * treat for shock continue to monitor
37
Open abdominal wounds
Apply sterile dressing to control bleeding
38
Protruding Organs
Cover with moist sterile dressing and seal with an airtight bandage *Do Not Attempt to replace or remove
39
First degree burns
Damage to the outer most layer of the skin which is the epidermis (mild sunburn)
40
Second degree burn
Damage done to the epidermis and the dermis which is the layer with hair follicles, nerves, and sweat glands. -skin will be red and blistery
41
Third degree burns
Damage done to the epidermis, dermis, and the fatty layer, including the muscle under the skin * most serious burn, skin may appear leathery * over burning will lead to hypothermia
42
Most common type of burns
``` Thermal -direct heat (fire, steam, hot object, fluid) Chemical -acid Electrical -electrocution, lightening Radiation -excessive exposure to radiation ```
43
Indicators of Cardia emergency
- chest pains - radiating pains - vital signs (difficulty breathing, abnormal pulse) - mental status (anxiety, short temper) - Other
44
Treating cardiac emergencies
- place victim in comfortable position | - keep victim calm and still
45
Indicators of seizures
- staring spells - tick like movements - lip smacking - urination on self - purposeless sounds and movements - eyes rolling upward
46
Indicators of stroke
``` CVA (cerebrovascular accident) Mental status( confusion, delirium) Mobility -paralysis on one side of body -numb or weakness of a limb -CONVULSIONS Vision (unequal pupil size, sensitive to light) Comm.(slurred speech) ```
47
Diabetic Emergencies (insulin shock)
Insulin Shock (most common) - skin ( pale, moist, clammy) - normal breathing - mental status (hostile, fainting, seizure) - rapid pulse
48
Diabetic Emergency (diabetic coma)
- skin ( red, warm) - breathing (labored, sweet smell) - mental status (restlessness, confusion) - pulse (weak, rapid pulse) - dry mouth, thirsty, vomit
49
Hypothermia
Occurs when the body's temperature drops to the point where the body systems are affected
50
Mild moderate hypothermia
- violent shivering - numbness - fatigue - cold skin - confusion
51
Severe hypothermia
- lack of shivering - rigid muscles - slow weak pulse - blue grey skin
52
Frostnip
Freezing of skins outer layer
53
Frostbite
Freezing of skins tissue below skin surface | *do not rub or all refreezing after victim warms up
54
Heat cramps
When the body loses too much salt due to prolonged perspiration -painful muscle spasms usually in the legs or abdomen
55
Heat exhaustion
- profuse sweating - dizziness - rapid pulse - weakness - nausea and vomiting
56
Heat stroke
Occurs when body temperature is abnormally high - a life threatening condition - red hot dry skin, possible seizure/unconsciousness
57
Transporting pregnant women
Can be transported if in first stage of labor if - limb presentation - breech presentation - cord presentation - Delayed delivery - excessive bleeding
58
Do not transport
If woman is in second stage of labor - contractions are les than 2 min apart - woman feels urgent need to bear down - crowing - amniotic sac has ruptured (water broke)

LDS (17 decks)

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