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LDS > LD 15 > Flashcards

LD 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Consensual Encounter

A

a face to face contact with a person

-they have to believe they are free to go

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2
Q

Legal justification for a Consensual encounter

A

None is needed as long as officers are in a place they have a right to be

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3
Q

Appropriate application of consensual encounters

A
  • request info
  • interview witnesses at the scene (voluntarily)
  • converse casually
  • disseminate info
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4
Q

Actions that may elevate a CE to a detention or arrest

A
  • Using emergency lights
  • blocking someone in
  • Giving commands
  • Illegal searches
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5
Q

Can we search everyone we detain?

A

NONONO!

-Must have reasonable suspicion and they must be armed and dangerous to conduct a search

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6
Q

Reasonable suspicion

A

Enough facts and circumstances to believe that criminal activity is occurring and the person detained is connected

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7
Q

Use of force during a detention

A

If a suspect is uncooperative or tries to leave during a detention use of force or restraints may be used
*use of force does not automatically elevate to an arrest

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8
Q

Detention

A

Holding someone for questioning or investigation

  • they know they are not allowed to leave
  • Detainees are not obligated to answer questions
  • Refusing to answer questions alone is not probable cause to elevate to an arrest
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9
Q

Legal justification for a detention

A

Must have REASONABLE SUSPICION to detain someone

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10
Q

What type of search can be conducted during detention?

A

a pat down search of the outer clothing to search for possible weapons that can harm the officer

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11
Q

Arrest

A

taking a person into custody in the manner authorized by the law

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12
Q

Legal justification for an arrest

A

PROBABLE CAUSE

  • Direct investigation or report
  • circumstantial evidence
  • statements from reliable sources
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13
Q

Probable Cause

A

A set of facts that would cause a normal person to believe that the person to be arrested is guilty of a crime

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14
Q

Information required to the arrestee at time of arrest

A

1) Intent:To be told they are under arrest
2) Cause: the reason why
3) Authority: Non-uniformed or private person must show identification

*its not required when suspect actually committed crime or attempted to escape

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15
Q

Conditions for warrantless felony arrest

A

POs may make a warrantless arrest whenever they have probable cause to believe: (836 PC)

  • a felony was committed in their presence
  • felony committed not in their presence
  • when they have probable cause to believe a felony was committed whether it was or not
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16
Q

Conditions for warrantless misdemeanor arrest

A

PO may make warrantless misdemeanor arrest when they have probable cause to believe the person to be arrested committed the crime IN THEIR PRESENCE

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17
Q

8 exceptions to making warrantless misdemeanor arrest

A

1) committed by a juvenile
2) DUI
3) Carrying a loaded weapon on person or vehicle in public
4) Violating domestic order or restraining order
5) assault or battery on spouse, parent of their child
6) assault on firefighter, Med. Tech, or paramedic
7) assault on school property while school is in session
8) concealing a weapon at an airport

18
Q

Arrest Warrant

A

a written order signed by a magistrate commanding peace officers to make the arrest

19
Q

Contents of arrest warrants

A
  • name
  • crime suspected of committing
  • time warrants issued
  • city where warrant is issued
  • signature of the issuing authority
  • name of court or other agency
  • amount of bail
20
Q

Pre Complaint

A

(Expedited arrest warrant)

-contains the same info as arrest warrant

21
Q

Knock and notice

A

Officers must give notice to the person inside before entering private property, warrant or not

22
Q

Private person

A

May make an arrest for any public offense committed in their presence
*4th amendment does not apply to private persons, they can make a warrantless entry for felony arrest

23
Q

what are the 3 ways PO can proceed with private persons arrest?

A

1) Release if they feel there are insufficient grounds to file a criminal complaint
2) Issue a citation if the arrest was for a misdemeanor
3) Take the person to the nearest or most accessible magistrate or jail for booking

24
Q

Probable cause determination

A

Anyone arrested without a warrant must be given a judicial determination of probable cause within 48 hours after the arrest

25
Q

Phone calls after booking

A
  • adults must be allowed 3 complete calls within 3 hours

- Juveniles must be allowed 2 phone calls immediately, no loner than one hour.

26
Q

Visitation privileges

A

Upon the families request, the attorney can visit at anytime

27
Q

stale misdemeanor

A

when an adult commits a misdemeanor in another persons presence and the person fails to arrest within a reasonable time thereafter
-at this time the person can no longer be arrested w/o a warrant

28
Q

Statute of limitation

A

Suspects must be arrested within a certain time

  • Misdemeanor: one year
  • Felony: 3 years
  • crimes punishable by death or life imprisonment: no limit
  • sex crimes: can vary according to exact crime
29
Q

Miranda Warning

A

Miranda allows any statement the person makes to be used against them at trial w/o violating their 5th amendment rights
-Anytime you take someone into custody AND interrogate them you must give them there Miranda rights

30
Q

Interrogation

A

When peace officer ask direct questions about a crime or uses words or conduct likely to elicit an incriminating response

31
Q

3 elements of Miranda

A
  • advisement of the Miranda warning by the PO
  • understanding by the person
  • waiver or invocation by the person
32
Q

3 types of waivers

A

Expressed: Verbally
Implied: Acknowledges they understand
Conditional: Acknowledges they understand but places limitation on answering questions (no written statement, tape recording, etc)

33
Q

Juveniles in custody as it regards to Miranda rights

A

Juveniles must be read their rights when they are in custody, or temporary custody even if no interrogation takes place (they don’t have to understand just need to be advised)

34
Q

Public safety Exception

A

Miranda not required if the officer is concerned for someone’s safety

  • ex. hostage at gunpoint
  • ex. gunman in store is apprehended but had discarded the gun in the store, officers can ask where is the gun for public safety
35
Q

interview

A

the process of questioning non-suspects such as victims or witnesses
-should take place at crime scene

36
Q

Interviews help what?

A
  • determine if a crime took place
  • identify and locate victim and witnesses
  • identify possible suspects
  • generate a crime broadcast to dispatch
37
Q

Interrogation

A

the process of questioning suspects who often are unwilling to provide info
-questions or conduct that is likely to elicit an incriminating response

38
Q

Purpose of Interrogation

A
  • obtain an admission or confession
  • identify individuals involved
  • establish persons guilt
  • corroborating facts of a crime
  • obtaining info that could lead to recovering evidence or property
39
Q

Confession

A

the commission of all of the elements of a crime

40
Q

Admission

A

certain facts that tend to incriminate the individual, but fall short of a confession

41
Q

Subterfuge

A

Use of deception and falsehoods as tactic during an interrogation
-may be used as long as it does not cause an innocent person to confess

42
Q

Coercion

A

use of force, threats, overbearing psychological pressure depriving a suspects free choice to admit or deny or refuse to answer
-Ex. falsely telling someone their family will be responsible if they don’t confess to the crime

LDS (17 decks)

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