LCCG: Section 4 Flashcards
LEED Core Concepts Guide Section 4 (Green Building and Core Concepts Application Strategies) - Review of Concepts and Terminology
Building plays an important role in reducing ___ .
Greenhouse gas emissions
What are two of the best kinds of sites to locate a site for a project?
- Infill development between existing structures that promote smart growth
- brownfield sites that include remediation of the land
What is kind of land is inappropriate to develop on?
Green fields. (Land that has been used for agricultural purposes) Also wetlands, flood plains, steep slopes, and habitats with endangered species.
According to the US Energy Information Administration, transportation accounted for ___% of total US Greenhouse gas emissions in 2008. Globally, transportation is responsible for ___ % of total carbon dioxide emissions.
33% / 13.5%
Which is better when addressing the Location and Transportation category - increasing or decreasing density?
Increasing density.
Having a smaller footprint and maximizing FAR has a smaller impact on the environment and therefore better when addressing this category.
What are 3 strategies to address Transportation in design and planning?
- Locate project near public transit
- Limit parking
- Encourage biking
What are 4 strategies when addressing Transportation in Operations and Maintenance?
- Encourage carpooling
- Promote alternative-fuel vehicles
- Officer Incentives
- Support alternative transportation
Below are strategies for sustainable neighborhood pattern design. Fill in the blanks.
- Design _____ streets
- Include street _____
- Use ____ development strategies
- promote _____
- Provide _____ land uses
- Create _____ community
- Support access to ____ food
- Ensure that all residents have easy access to ____
- walkable
- trees
- compact
- connectivity
- diverse
- diverse
- sustainable (community gardens, farmers markets, etc)
- grocery stores
Below are strategies for developing a sustainable site design. Fill in the blanks.
- Minimize hard____
- Use ___ landscaping
- prevent ___ pollution
- preserve ___ space and ___ areas
- protect and restore ____
- scape
- native
- light
- open / sensitive
- habitat
Below are strategies for site operations and maintenance. Fill in the blanks.
- Develop a sustainable ____ management plan
- Implement ___ programs
- Maintain site ___ to prevent light pollution
- site
- conservation
- lighting
Strategies for Rainwater Management Through Design:
- Minimize ____ areas
- Control ____
- Incorporate Rainwater management into ___ design
- impervious areas
- rainwater
- site
Strategies of rainwater management through operations and maintenance require what 2 actions that involve rainwater?
1 Redirect Rainwater (into “natural” features like bioswales)
2 Harvest Rainwater (for re-use)
solar reflectance (SR)
the ability of a material to reflect solar energy from its surface back into the atmosphere. A value of 0 indicates that the material absorbs all solar energy and a value of 1.0 indicates total reflectance.
solar reflectivity index (SRI)
combines reflectivity with emissivity (ability of a material to emit energy through radiation) in a single value. standard black (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is 100.
What materials help reduce the heat island effect?
open grid paving, white roofs, vegetated “green” roofs
Strategies for reducing the heat island effect:
- Install ___ roof surfaces
- Reduce the area of _____ surfaces exposed to sunlight
- Plant an ___ forest or a ____ roof
- reflective
- paved
- urban / green
The US Geological Survey estimates that the US uses more than ___ billion gallons of water per day.
400
What is an “efficiency first” approach to water conservation?
- look at ways to use water efficiently and reduce potable water use
- consider alternative sources of water (ie using nonpotable water)
LEED rewards projects that both reduce demand and reuse water for ____ and ____ projects.
indoor / outdoor
What are examples of water use for industrial processes and systems in buildings?
- cooling towers
- boilers
- chillers
- washing machines
- dishwashers
submeters
report how much water is being used by systems and fixtures and alerts managers to leaks and other inefficiencies. (ie it can show water lost to evaporation during cooling tower operation)
Strategies for reducing indoor water use:
- Install ____ plubming fixtures
- Use ____ water
- Install _____
- efficient
- nonpotable
- submeters
Strategies for reducing outdoor water use:
- choose ____ adapted plants
- Use ____scaping
- Select ____ irrigation technologies
- Use ____ water
- Install _____
- locally
- xeri(scaping)
- efficient
- nonpotable
- submeters
What are examples of high-performance irrigation systems?
- drip systems
- bubbler distribution systems
- weather-based irrigation controllers
Energy Star Portfolio manager
interactive, online management tool that supports tracking and assessment of energy and water consumption. It is also of the most widely used benchmarking systems to compare building energy use with others with similar characteristics. (free tool!)
What score from the Energy Star Portfolio represents average building performance?
score of 50
Saving energy begins with ____.
conservation (of energy)
ie capturing sunlight, wind, and geothermal energy
Strategies for reducing energy demand in design and planning:
- Establish design and ____ goals
- Size the building _____
- Use ____ energy
- Design building envelope to _____ efficiently
- energy
- appropriately
- free (take advantage of natural energy sources)
- insulate
Strategies for reducing energy demand in Operations and Maintenance:
- Use ____ energy
- Monitor ____
- free
- consumption
What are some Demand Response (DR) strategies?
they are strategies that encourage customers to reduce their energy usage during peak demand times. strategies include:
- tiered electricity pricing
- reward customers with DR programs if they lower their energy usage
Energy demand typically ____ in direct relation to the building size.
increases.
What is the only LEED rating system hat allows a point adjustment depending on the square footage of the project?
LEED for Homes rating system. This only applies to projects using the EA prescriptive path prerequisite.
Getting the most work per unit of energy is often described as a measure of ____ .
energy intensity.
ie energy use per square foot and/or use per capita
What are some typical energy uses in office buildings that also represent opportunities to increase efficiency and savings?
space heating lighting cooling water heating ventilation office equipment (ie computers, printers, etc)
What are some strategies for achieving energy efficiency (6 total)?
- Address the envelope
- Install high-performance mech systems & appliances
- Use high-efficiency infrastructure (ie traffic lighting)
- Capture efficiencies of scale (ie multiple buildings on the same heating/cooling systems)
- Use energy simulation
- Monitor and verify performance
Renewable energy production
involves system that generates clean electricity (ie solar photovoltaic panels)
off-site renewable energy
purchased at a premium price per kilowatt-hour from a utility or provider of renewable energy certificates (RECs).
If a project team cannot buy green power through a local utility, what can they offset the building’s energy use?
They can purchase green power from renewable energy projects around the country. They can enter into a REC agreement that provides for specific energy sources (ie wind, biomass) from a particular generation facility.
carbon offset
unit of carbon dioxide equivalent that is reduced, avoided, or sequestered to compensate for emissions occurring elsewhere.
When does commissioning start in the project’s timeline?
It begins early in the design, with specification requirements. The specs become the baseline for evaluation after the project is built.
Commissioning is one of the most ___ means of improving energy efficiency in commercial buildings.
cost-effective
Strategies for incorporating ongoing performance measurement into a project:
- Adhere to the ____’s project requirements
- Provide _____ training
- Conduct ____ maintenance
- Create ____ for occupants and tenants
- Owner’s
- Staff
- Preventative
- incentives
Each requirement in the Material Resources credit category fits into the larger context of a _____ approach to embodied impact reduction.
life-cycle
What is the highest form of material conservation?
reuse
Strategies for conserving materials throughout a project’s life cycle:
- _____ existing buildings and salvaged materials
- Plan for smaller, more ___ communities
- Design smaller, more ___ homes and buildings
- Use _____ framing techniques
- Promote source ____ in operations
- Reuse
- compact
- flexible
- efficient
- reduction
What are the two product transparency tools?
- Life-cycle assessment (LCA)
2. Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)
Strategies to promote sustainable purchasing during design and operations:
- Identify _____ sources of environmentally preferable products
- Develop a _____ materials policy
- Specify _____ materials and equipment
- Specify ____ custodial products
- local
- sustainable
- green
- green
According to the US EPA, improving recycling rates of building waste to just ____% could result in savings equivalent to more than ___ million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
35% / 5 million
What is the hierarchy that EPA uses to rank the four preferred strategies for reducing waste in landfills?
- Source reduction
- Reuse
- Recycling
- Waste-to-energy
Source reduction
encourages innovative construction strategies to minimize material cutoffs and inefficiencies.
Waste-to-energy
Waste-to-energy plants burn municipal solid waste (MSW), often called garbage or trash, to produce steam in a boiler that is used to generate electricity.
Strategies to reduce waste during operations and maintenance:
- develop a solid waste management ____
- conduct a ____ stream audit
- Maintain a ____ program
- Monitor, track and ____
- Compost
- Provide ____ for durable goods
- policy
- waste
- recycling
- report
- recycling
For LEED Operations and Maintenance, what kind of audit is required?
It is required to conduct a waste stream audit for the entire consumables waste stream. The results establish a baseline that identifies the amount and percentage of each material in the waste stream and reveal opportunities to increase recycling and waste diversion.
The best way to prevent indoor pollutants is to eliminate or control them at the ____. The next line of defense is proper _____ to remove any pollutants that do enter.
source / ventillation
Strategies for designing for good indoor air quality:
- Prohibit _____
- Design for proper _____
- Protect _____ that comes into the building
- Test for ____ or other on-site contaminants
- Design for _____ systems
- Specify ____ materials
- smoking
- ventilation
- air
- radon
- entryway
- low-emitting
Strategies for improving indoor air quality during construction:
- Keep building _____ during construction
- Protect materials and _____
- Conduct a ____-out
- clean
- equipment
- flush-(out) (before occupancy)
Strategies for improving indoor air quality during operations and maintenance:
- Ensure adequate ______
- Monitor outdoor _____
- Monitor carbon _____
- _____ sensors
- _____ smoking
- Develop and implement a _____ cleaning policy
- Conduct custodial effectiveness _____
- Use ____way systems
- Use integrated pest _____
- ventillation
- airflow
- dioxide
- calibrate
- prohibit
- green
- assessment
- entry(way)
- management
Thermal comfort is more than just temperature; it also includes ____ and ____ movement.
humidity / air
When designing buildings, consider _____ conservation and indoor environmental _____ together.
energy / quality
ie daylighting and natural ventilation
Strategies for improving occupants’ comfort and control:
- Use day_____
- Install _____ windows
- Give occupants temperature and ventilation _____
- Give occupants lighting _____
- Conduct occupant _____
- Provide ergonomic _____
- Include appropriate _____ design
- (day)lighting
- operable
- control
- control
- surveys
- furniture
- acoustic
