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LEED Green Associate Certification > EPG: Chapter 8 - Energy and Atmosphere > Flashcards

EPG: Chapter 8 - Energy and Atmosphere Flashcards

LEED Green Associate Exam Preparation Guide LEED v4 Edition - Key Terms and Concepts in Chapter

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1
Q

British thermal unit (Btu)

A

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid water 1° F (such as from 60°F to 61°F). This standard measure of energy is used to describe the energy content of fuels and compare energy use.

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2
Q

What are strategies around building envelope design that can minimize heat transfer and create an energy-efficient building?

A

insulation, air sealing, and window ratings can minimize heat transfer.

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3
Q

building loads

A

the amount of energy and the devices and systems that use that energy in a building.

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4
Q

carbon footprint

A

the amount of greenhouse gases and specifically carbon dioxide emitted by something such as a company or manufacture and transport of a product during a given period

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5
Q

carbon offsets

A

a purchasable form of trade that funds projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as forest restoration, power plant, and factory updates, or increases to the energy efficiency of buildings and transportation.

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6
Q

chiller

A

a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycye. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or equipment as required.

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7
Q

chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)

A

Any of several simple gaseous compounds that contain carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and sometimes hydrogen, that are used as refrigerants, cleaning solvents, and aerosol propellants and in the manufacture of plastic foams, and that are believed to be a major cause of stratosphereic ozone depletion.

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8
Q

Commissioning (Cx)

A

verification after construction that a structure and its systems and subsystems meet project requirements as intended and designed

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9
Q

commissioning authority (CxA)

A

a third party contracted by a building owner who reports directly to the owner and oversees the incorporation of the design and energy goals throughout the lifetime of a project

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10
Q

demand response (DR) program

A

a program offered by utilities that allow large energy users to reduce energy loads during peak energy usage times in exchange for reduced rates.

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11
Q

energy efficiency

A

utilizing less energy to complete the same amount of work

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12
Q

Energy Star Portfolio Manager

A

an EPA-provided building benchmarking system that is the most widely used in the US. The energy and water data for a building is entered into a web-based tool that then displays where the building type falls in whole-building energy use compared to other buildings of the same type.

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13
Q

energy use intensity (EUI)

A

a metric that expresses a building’s energy use as a function of its size

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14
Q

fossil fuels

A

nonrenewable energy produced from the burning of ancient, organic remains such as peat, coal, crude oil, and natural gas

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15
Q

green power

A

renewable energy from solar, wind, biobased, water, and geothermal sources. most utilities sell this green power to customers somewhere else in the region.

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16
Q

hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)

A

a refrigerant used as a replacement for CFC refrigerants and propellants in aerosol canisters; considered to be less restrictive to the atmosphere

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17
Q

hydroflurocarbon (HFC)

A

a refrigerant that is considered a long-term replacement for CFC and HCFC refrigerants since it consists of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon but not ozone-damaging chlorine. It does, however, contribute a small amount to global warming

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18
Q

Illuminating Engineer Society of North Amerca (IESNA)

A

An organization that publishes nationally and internationally used standards for the lighting industry

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19
Q

lighting power density (LPD)

A

the installed lighting power per unit area

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20
Q

megawatt-hour (MWh)

A

a unit of energy equivalent to one megawatt (1 MW) of power expended for one hour (1 h) of time

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21
Q

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

A

an international treaty that was adopted in 1987 to eliminate the production and consumption of ozone-depleting chemicals. It bans the uses of CFCs and phases out the use of HCFCs by 2030.

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22
Q

net-zero energy project

A

a project that uses no more energy from the grid than it can produce on-site

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23
Q

nonrenewable energy

A

resources such as fossil fuels that are depleted by use

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24
Q

passive design

A

a design strategy that uses natural climatic conditions to heat, cool or light a building

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25
Q

performance monitoring

A

continuously tracks efficiency metrics of energy, water, and other systems, to achieve increased levels of efficiency.

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26
Q

photovoltaic (PV) energy

A

electricity from pv cells that converts the energy in sunlight into electricity

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27
Q

refrigerant

A

used in cooling systems to transfer thermal energy in air conditioning and refrigeration systems

28
Q

renewable energy

A

resources, such as sunlight and wind, that are not depleted by use

29
Q

renewable energy certificate (REC)

A

a tradable commodity sold by producers of renewable energy on the open market, which supports the production of additional renewable energy. One REC represents one megawatt-hour of renewable energy produced.

30
Q

retrocommissioning

A

a commissioning process that can be performed on existing buildings to identify and recognize system improvements that make the building more sustainable for current use.

31
Q

What are the five goals of the credits in the EA category?

A
  • reduce energy demand
  • increase energy efficiency
  • replace fossil fuel use with renewable energy and carbon offsets
  • eliminate the use of harmful refrigerants
  • monitor ongoing performance
32
Q

Commercial buildings account for almost ___% of US energy use.

A

20%

33
Q

What are 3 organizations that usually establish the baseline standard of energy usage in buildings?

A
  • American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
  • American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
  • Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
34
Q

What is the standard that sets the baseline to measure energy efficiency in the EA category?

A

ASHRAE 90.1-2010

35
Q

The best solution to the increasing demand of energy is NOT to building more infrastructure to increase energy production, but to ____ the peak amount of energy used.

A

reduce.

36
Q

An east- or west-facing window in a passive-design during the summer in North America collects almost ____ times the solar radiation of a south-facing window.

A

3 times.

it is the opposite in the winter

37
Q

Who’s responsibility is it to make energy goals and who’s job is it to ensure those goals are implemented throughout the design, construction and operation of the building?

A

The owner creates energy goals (as part of the Owner’s Project Requirements, or OPR)
Commissioner ensures the implementation

38
Q

The EA Preqrequisite - Fundamental Commissioning and Verification calls for what kind of activity?

A

Commissioning (Cx)

39
Q

A commissioning authority (CxA) can either be a third-party contracted by the owner, or for projects smaller than _____ sqft, a qualified member of the team.

A

20,000 sqft

40
Q

What is OPR and BOD?

A

Owner’s Project Requirements

Basis of Design

41
Q

What are examples of monitoring energy use in a building? (4 total)

A

submetering
building automation (ie using a digital dashboard interface for building-wide energy use)
benchmarking
commissioning

42
Q

EA Prerequisite - Building-Level Energy Metering requires that projects install new or use existing ___ or ____ that provide building-level data representing ___ building energy consumption.

A

meters or submeters

total

43
Q

The EA Credit - Advanced Energy Metering requires that projects install advanced energy metering for all whole-building energy sources used by the building and individual energy sources representing ___% or more of the total annual consumption of the building.

A

10%

44
Q

When project teams engage in demand response, the consider the ____ between energy-use decisions and the realities of energy generation and distribution capacity.

A

interconnection.

and therefore take on integrative strategies

45
Q

When using the Energy Star Portfolio Manager, what score indicates that the building is a top performer and may be eligible for Energy Star certification?

A

75 or more

100 total possible

46
Q

When specifying or looking for high-efficiency appliances, what type of label is important to have?

A

Energy Star Label

47
Q

The EA Prerequisite - Minimum Energy Performace requires a ____ building energy simulation (energy model).

A

whole

48
Q

What should a balanced energy portfolio contain?

4 items - possibly on the test!!

A

It should consist of:
- several types of on-site power generation technologies
- off-site renewable energy such as green power
- renewable energy certificates (RECs)
- carbon offsets
This portfolio avoids reliance on fossil fuels and enough diversity to keep costs down if there is a major increase in renewable energy prices.

49
Q

What are two of the largest renewable energy sources according to US energy consumption data?

A

biomass and hydropower

50
Q

EA Credit - Renewable Energy Production provides points for installing on-site renewable energy production that supplies up to ____% of the building’s total energy use.

A

10%

51
Q

What kind of on-site renewable energy can be installed?

A
  • Solar power (PV systems)
  • Wind power
  • Bioenergy (biomass, biofuel, biogas)
  • Geothermal energy
  • Hydropower
52
Q

The top 10 feet of the earth’s surface stays between ___°F and ___°F universally.

A

50°F and 60°F

53
Q

What type of geothermal energy system is ineligible for points?

A

vapor-compression geothermal energy systems

ie ground-source heat pump

54
Q

Purchasing off-site renewable energy is the ___ path to building a balanced energy portfolio.

A

second.

ie if on-site energy cannot be built, then the team looks to purchase green power

55
Q

What are some resources to buy off-site renewable energy? (4 total)

A
  • Green power
  • RECs
  • Green-e certification program
  • other carbon offsets
56
Q

EA Credit - Green Power and Carbon Offsets wards points for engaging in a green power contract with a utility for a minimum of ____ years.

A

five

57
Q

RECs are a form of ____.

A

carbon offset.

ie a company can support the production of renewable energy by purchasing RECs.

58
Q

Green-e certification program

A

third-party rating system for renewable energy run by the Center for Resource Solutions.

59
Q

ALL green power and RECs must be certified by the ____ program or meet equivalent quality standards.
Besides RECs, LEED v4 recognizes ANY carbon offset from a greenhouse gas emissions reduction project within the US that is ___ certified.

A

Green-e certification / Green-e

60
Q

Refrigerants are most commonly found in what two systems?

A

building/car cooling systems and fire suppression systems

61
Q

What are the direct and indirect effects of refrigerants on the environment?

A 
direct = leaking refrigerants directly affect global warming
indirect = production of carbon dioxide when electricity is generated to power refrigeration equipment.
62
Q

EA Prerequisite - Fundamental Refrigerant Management requires that projects NEVER use ____ based refrigerants and become phased out in existing equipment.

A

CFC

63
Q

EA Credit - Enhanced Refrigerant Management awards 1 point to teams that do not use refrigerants ____ or use ____ refrigerants.

A

at all / low-impact

64
Q

What is the refrigerant trade-off?

A

low ODP = high GWP
low GWP = high ODP
both ODP and GWP are bad for the environment

65
Q

EA Credit - Enhanced Refrigerant Management allows what kind of refrigerants on a project?

A

This credit only allows refrigerants that are naturally occurring or synthetic with an ODP of zero and a GWP of less than 50.

66
Q

How can project teams follow the Montreal Protocol? (what credit is it under?)

A

It is under the EA Credit - Enhanced Refrigerant Management. Choose the first option which does not use refrigerants for cooling (which means ONLY cooling the building passively).

67
Q

What are 4 strategies for integrating performance measurement throughout the life of the project?

A
  • Preparing an OPR (owner’s project requirements)
  • Training building managers
  • Providing incentives for building occupants
  • Preventative maintenance

LEED Green Associate Certification (23 decks)

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