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Year 3 Medicine > Laz Paper 6 > Flashcards

Laz Paper 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the A-J signs of liver failure?

A
  • Asterixis/ Ascites
  • Bruising
  • Clubbing
  • Dupuytren’s contracture
  • Erythema (palmar)
  • Fecor Hepatis
  • Gynaecomastia
  • Hepatitis
  • Icterus (scleral)/ itching
  • Jaundice
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2
Q

What is the sign on x-ray for hyper-expanded lungs?

A

>6 anterior ribs

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3
Q

What are the CHESS organisms?

A
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Haemorrhagic e.coli
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
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4
Q

What is the gram stain of campylobacter jejuni?

A

Gram negative rod shaped

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5
Q

What is the management of campylobacter jejuni?

A

Self limiting, bed rest and oral rehydration

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6
Q

What is the gram stain of haemorrhagic e.coli (0157h7)?

A

Gram negative rod shaped

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7
Q

What is the management of haemorrhagic e.coli?

A

Azithromycin

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8
Q

What is the gram stain of salmonella?

A

Gram negative rods

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9
Q

What is the management of entamoeba histolytica?

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

What is the management of salmonella?

A

Ciprofloxacin and azithromycin

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11
Q

What is the gram stain of shigella?

A

Gram negative rods

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12
Q

What is the management of shigella?

A
  • Ampicillin/ amoxicillin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Azithromycin
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13
Q

What is the management of hyperkalaemia?

A
  1. 10ml 10% IV calcium gluconate
  2. 50ml 50% dextrose with 10U insulin
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14
Q

What is a tonic seizure?

A

When the patient goes completely stiff

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15
Q

What is a clonic seizure?

A

When the patient has involuntary muscle jerks

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16
Q

What is a myoclonic seizure?

A

A generalised seizure involving one/ two muscle groups that tends to occur when the individual has just woken up

17
Q

What is an atonic seizure?

A

A seizure where the patient goes completely floppy

18
Q

What is hepatopulmonary syndrome?

A

A rare complication of liver failure leading to pulmonary vasodilation due to the lack of vasodilatory factor clearance by the liver

Vasodilation increases the diffusion distance between the alveoli and RBCs and therefore leads to hypoxaemia, this tends to occur at lung bases and is therefore improved on lying flat

19
Q

What is symbicort?

A

Budesonide (ICS) + Formoterol (LABA)

20
Q

What is the triad of granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Haemoptysis
  • Epistaxis
21
Q

What is the clinical difference between granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis?

A

Microscopic polyangiitis has skin involvement, whereas granulomatosis with polyangiitis does not

22
Q

What is the triad in Behcet’s disease?

A
  • Oral ulcers
  • Genital ulcers
  • Uveitis
23
Q

What are the three phases of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A
  • Allergic phase
  • Eosinophilic phase
  • Vascular phase
24
Q

Which organism most commonly causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

25
Q

Which two organisms are responsible for necrotising fasciitis?

A
  • Staph aureus
  • Strep pyogenes
26
Q

Which organism is the most common cause of orbital cellulitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

27
Q

What is the mechanism of orlistat?

A

Pancreatic lipase inhibitor

28
Q

How do lung abscesses present?

A
  • Swining fevers
  • Night sweats
  • Prurulent coughing
29
Q

What is a giant V wave on JVP?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

30
Q

What are the features of tricuspid regurg?

A
  • Pansystolic murmur
  • V waves JVP
  • Hepatic venous congestion
  • Tender, pulsatile hepatomegaly
  • Right sided heave
  • Ankle oedema
31
Q

What is the most common cause of tricuspid regurg?

A

IV drug use

32
Q

What does the Romberg’s test assess?

A
  • Proprioception
  • Vestibular function
33
Q

Which cells degranulate in anaphylaxis?

A

Mast cells

34
Q

What type of cells are Reed Sternberg cells?

A

Mainly derived from B lymphocytes

35
Q

What drugs can lead to gynaecomastia?

A
  • Cimetidine
  • Oestrogen
  • Digoxin
  • Sulphonylurea
36
Q

What is the gait associated with Parkinson’s disease?

A

Narrow based, shuffling gait

37
Q

What is the gaze impairment associated with Parkinson’s?

A

Up-gaze

Year 3 Medicine (22 decks)

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