2022 Formative Flashcards
Which type of anaemia is common with rheumatoid arthritis?
Normocytic anaemia
What is the cut off for a Well’s Score DVT?
- >= 2 DVT likely
- Doppler ultrasound
- <2 DVT less likely
- D-dimer
What is a major risk factor for bladder cancer in the Middle East?
Schistosomiasis
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the first line investigation for urinary outflow obstruction?
Urinary flow studies
What would urinary voiding studies show in outflow obstruction?
Hypertrophic detrusor muscle (increased power), reduced urinary outflow
What is the management of perforated GI ulcer?
Drip, suck and save
- IV fluids
- Aspiration via NG tube
- Broad spectrum antibiotics
What is the best imaging modality for diverticulitis diagnosis?
CT abdomen
What can a palpable mass with the background of diverticulitis suggest?
Abscess
What is the definition of toxic megacolon?
Colon >6cm with a background of colitis
What is choledocholithiasis?
Gallstones in the CBD
What is the management of pelvic abscess?
CT guided incision and drainage and IV antibiotics
What is Courvousier’s law?
Painless palpable RUQ mass in the presence of jaundice is likely pancreatic cancer
What symptom could indicate a blocked catheter?
Abdominal pain
What is the most common causative organism of osteomyelitis in the UK?
Staphylococcus aureus
Which causative organism for osteomyelitis are IVDU vulnerable to?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which organism is likely to cause osteomyelitis in patients with haemoglobinopathies?
Salmonella
What is the inheritance pattern of haemochromatosis?
Autosomal recessive
What is the management of TIA?
300mg Aspirin and urgent referral to stroke consultant within 24 hours if the event occured within the last week
What is the definition of subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Acute onset occipital headache peaking in pain at 5 minutes and lasting over an hour
What are the investigations for SAH?
- Urgent CT head
- Lumbar puncture after 12 hours if CT head causes doubt
What is the first line management for Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
IV thiamine
Which organism are IVDUs susceptible for in infective endocarditis?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the first line management for an unconscious patient with hypoglycaemia?
IM glucagon, then IV glucose
What is seen on biopsy for ulcerative colitis?
- Mucosal ulcers
- Crypt abscesses
- Goblet cell hyperplasia
- Epithelial cell atrophy
Which medications can’t be given with macrolides?
Statins, combination can lead to rhabdomyolisis
What are the signs of pleural effusion on examination?
- Dullness to percussion
- Reduced breath sounds
- Reduced vocal fremitus
What are the signs of GI perforation?
- Rigidity and guarding
- Rebound tenderness
- Haemodynamic instability
What is the first line investigation for GI perforation?
Urgent erect chest x-ray
