Last Minute

Question 1

4 Major Language Acquisition Theories

Answer 1

• “Pure” Nurture: B.F. Skinner. Parsimony; children learn by imitation. Problem. Language is generative, not just copied
• Nativist Account: (Noam Chomsky). Children have inborn expectation of a way to communicate to come (housed in the “language organ” (LAD). conflicting: hard to falsify.
• Social Pragmatics Account: aspects of social environment structure lang learning. conflicting: simpler theory works as well.
• General Cognitive Processing Account: Ability to perceive, learn, recognize patterns may be all that’s required to learn language. Problem. Children learn language better than adults but adults learn all else better.

Question 2

3 Accounts of Language Acquisition

Answer 2

• Learning Perspective Account: B.F. Skinner. Children learn through reinforcement and imitations. Doesn’t account for overregularization. Parents praise for contect and not grammatical correctness, but language is generative
• Nativist Account: (Noam Chomsky). Children have inborn expectation of a way to communicate to come (housed in the “language organ” (LAD). conflicting: hard to falsify.
• Interactionist Perspective: Acknowledges inborn capacity for learning language and importance of social support/imitation. Children born wtih powerful brain that matures slowly and predisposes the to acquire new understandings they are motivated to share with others. Language looks more a product of genes than experience and the interactionist perspective is the best explanation for acquiring language.

Question 3

Episodic Memory

Answer 3

Recollection of events in our lives. Metal Diary Right Frontal Cortex Activation

Question 4

Explicit memory

Answer 4

Memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness. Damage to Hippocampus impairs explicit memory.

Question 5

Frontal Lobe

Answer 5

Executive functioning

Complex thoughts and process

Motor function

Language

Memory

Broca’s area on left side; important for language;damage causes brocas aphasia or speechlessness)

Question 6

Implicit memory

Answer 6

Memories we don’t deliberately remember or reflect on consciously.

Question 7

Language Milestones

Answer 7

• 6-8 Wks: cooing and laughter, series of long vowels
• 2-3 Mth: babbling, syllables
• 6-9 Mth: canonical (reduplicating) babbling. Decypher any language phonemes
• 8 Mth: pick up melodiesm, rhythymn, intonation in lang
• 10-12 Mth: non-reduplicating babbly. Recognize/use common words
• 12 Mth: First meaningfull word. Sign lang helps frustration but may delay lang
• 12-16 Mth: Holophrases - one word sentences (overextension or underextension)
• 12-18 Mth: 20-100 words
• 18-20 Mth: Telegraphic (3 or more words)
• 2 years: 270 Words (modifyers and suffixes)

Question 8

Occipital Lobe

Answer 8

-Associated with vision / visual cortex

Occipital lobe injury: -Blindness -Hallucinations

Question 9

Parietal Lobe

Answer 9

touch information.

Involved in coordinating sensory information Perception of space, and numbers.

Helps track an objects location, shapers, and orientation

Injuries/stroke to parietal lobe

Left: Acalculia (difficulty with numbers and math) -Right: Contralateral neglect (ignore opposite side of body)

Question 10

Procedural memory

Answer 10

Memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits.

Question 11

Semantic Memory

Answer 11

Our knowledge of facts about the world. Mental Dictionary. Left Front Cortex Activation.

Question 12

Temporal Lobe

Answer 12

-Hearing and language comprehension -Storing memories of our past

Wernicke’s area damage: -Difficulty understanding speech