last min tudors Flashcards
when was Breton crisis
1488-92 - Brittany
what 3 truces did Henry vii make with foreign countries at the beginning of his reign
- 1485 france
-1486 scotland (but king died 2 years later) - habsburgs - 1487
what did Medina del campo do for trade (2)
- equal trading rights for merchants
- fixed custom duties that favoured English merchants
what was the aim of the navigation acts h7 passed, and when did he pass these
1485-86
- to break up the Hanseatic league and encourage English ships to carry goods rather than foreign ships
- eg. wines from France could only be transported with English ships
what is a statistic that shows Henry vii improved trade
60% more cloth being exported by end of his reign
when was intercursus Magnus
1496
what is Eltons revolution thesis
revolution in govt under Cromwell
- old system of king and household replaced with departments of state
2 examples of Eltons revolution thesis and how Cromwell revolutionised govt
privy council reduced from 100 to 20 with specific responsibilities
finances - new courts with separate functions
- court of first fruits and tenths 1540 and court of exequer
what foreign policy did Wolsey use top advance himself
treaty of London 1518 - papal legate
how did Wolsey not benefit himself or the king
- 1525 amicable grant - humiliated and took blame so Henry wasn’t
- issue of star chamber ,Ade him hated by nobility and his look into enclosure 1517
- his relationship with parliament damaged henrys ability to use it to fund foreign wars
how did Elizabeth control inflation and what was the benefit of this
recoinage in 1561
it meant higher food prices were matched by higher wages in work
what was the consequence of not paying poor tax (Elizabeth)
impriosonmemt
how did Elizabeth control food shortage issue
when
death orders from 1586 so JPs had to take local surveys of grain when the harvest failed, to arrange for surpluses to be brought regularly to market, and to see that they were sold there in small quantities to the poor.
impact of 1576 poor law act
those who couldn’t work at rate set by govt were whipped
how did enclosure lead to poverty
led to depopulation and movement of young men to the towns and cities where they became wage dependent at a time of under-employment
how did population growth in towns affect families
outbreaks of epidemics - death of breadwinner - poverty
what were the two acts in 1533 and 1532 that started break with rome
act in restraint of annates and appeals
why were the six articles pushed despite going back to Catholicism
- fp - needed catholic allies
- low influence of Cromwell and rising influence of conservatives - Howard family - duke of Norfolk largely responsible for getting it passed in parliament
impact of six articles (and when was it)
1539
- two reforming bishops resigned - Latimer
- Cramner had to send his wife to Germany since clerical celibacy was to continue
What were the insignificant protestant doctrinal changes by 1547 ? (3 points)
. 1547 Litany was made English rather than latin
2. 1536 Lords Prayer and 10 Commandments were made English
3. 1538 Proclamation rejected Purgatory
What Catholic doctrine of the 1540s meant actual doctrinal changes were negligible? (2 points)
- King’s Book of 1543 entirely rejected the 10 Articles that had been based on the Wittenburg Articles (All 7 sacraments equal weight and no more justification by faith)
- Act of 6 Articles 1539 confirmed transubstantiation, private marriage, and banned marriage for those with vow of chastity.
- Primacy of catholic doctrine can be seen in its authority (6 articles had statutory authority and king’s book replaced 10 articles as official doctrinal statement of CofE.)
aim of eltham ordinances
- Wolsey in 1526
- reduced government spending by reducing ministers
- done to increase Wolseys power
what was the protestant council called in Scotland
lord of congregation led by James Stewart (Marys half brother)
role of John knox
who founded the presbyterian church in Scotland
what percent of English exports were cloth for Henry 7
90%
what industries boomed during h7
cloth and wool
how much did exports grow during h7
increase by 60%
who were the lollards
declined since 1417 but believed English church were corrupt and wanted the bible in English, doubted transbustatiation, and the special status of priests
opposite of catholic transubstantiation
consubstantiation
purpose of church for h7
- maintained social order and control (obedience)
- provided social mobility (Wolsey)
- education - Henry acc valued this and ‘new men’ who were education not noble became important (Epson and Dudley)
define enclosure
wealthy landowners fenced off common lands - usually for sheep farming
what two rebellions were due to enclosure
ketts and western both 1449
how did enclosure cause social unrest
displacement of rural population and villagers who did subsistence farming lost livelihoods and so had to migrate to towns and cities - led to growth of landless wc and social unrest
acts against enclosure under Henry vii
1488 and 1489
how many members in regency council
16 with Somerset as lord protector
