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key info on history > Key info of Kennedy > Flashcards

Key info of Kennedy Flashcards

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1
Q

length of Kennedys presidency

A

1961-63

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2
Q

Eisenhowers errors that helped Kennedy win the election (4)

A
  • refusing to endorse nixon - defended his own record instead
  • refused to deny missile gap (would escalate arms race)
  • stopped Nixon calling for full candidate health disclosure
  • federal budget surplus that contributed to a recession
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3
Q

Nixons errors that helped K win (3)

A
  • didn’t let eisenhower campaign for him till 1960
  • campaigned in all 50 states (exhaustion)
  • eisenhower advised him not t debate with Kennedy (just free advertisement for k)
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4
Q

when was his new frontier speech (month and year)

A

July 1960

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5
Q

4 new frontier ideas

A

poverty and surplus
fight Cold War
ignorance and prejudice
science and space

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6
Q

who was his sec of defence

A

McNamara

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7
Q

what was the problem with who Kennedy chose in his administration

A

inexperienced in govt

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8
Q

why did Kennedy choose LBJ as VP

A

win southern voters

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9
Q

why is Kennedys legislative record unimpressive

A

congress rejected so much ]- civil rights , healthcare for elderly etc

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10
Q

positives and negatives of area redevelopment act of 1961

A

+ 26,000 jobs and training programmes
+ helped in impoverished states such as West Virginia
- 5 mil remained unemployed
- congress underfunded then refused to renew act in 63

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11
Q

why was the manpower and development and training act ineffective

A

benefitted officials and private interests more than workers

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12
Q

benefits and negative of minimum wage increase

A

+ raised to $1.25
- half a mil without coverage

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13
Q

what did Kennedy extend that helped generate jobs

A

interstate highway system

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14
Q

what is the omnibus housing act

A

granted 5 bil for public housing and urban renewal
- helped developers more than poor

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15
Q

what did Kennedy do to help feed poor

A

food stamps

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16
Q

when did Castro overthrow cuban dictator

A

1559

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17
Q

what did Castro criticise about America

A

their economic stranglehold over Cuba
- he threatened americas property interests

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18
Q

how did eisenhower respond to castors threats about property

A

joint CIA cuban exile invasion to overthrow Castro

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19
Q

what had Kennedy promised in his 1960 elections about Cuba

A
  • for it not to become a soviet base
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20
Q

when did exiles land at bay of pigs (month and year’)

A

April 1961

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21
Q

how many cuban exiles at bay of pigs

A

1600

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22
Q

two reasons why bay of pigs failed

A
  • insufficient aid
  • castro was forewarned
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23
Q

3 results of failure of bay of pigs

A
  • Kennedy humiliated
  • castro declared he was a communist ( drew closer to soviets)
  • Khrushchev thought K weak so thought he could get away with installing nuclear missiles in Cuba
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24
Q

when happened in august 1962

A

soviet missiles and technicians arrived in Cuba

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25
Q

what did Kennedy establish to deal with cuban missile crisis

A

ExComm (national security council)

26
Q

what did Kennedy call the blockade to sound less aggressive

A

quarantine

27
Q

why did he want a naval blockade for cuban missile crisis

A

stop soviet shipments of men and materials to Cuba

28
Q

what did Kennedy withdraw the blockade line to in oct to give Khrushchev more time to think

A

800 to 500 miles

29
Q

what were Khrushchevs demands to end cuban missile crisis

A
  • if Kennedy halted blockade and promised not to invade
    (also wanted removal of American missiles from turkey but Kennedy ignored this)
30
Q

significance of cuban missile crisis

A
  • soviets humiliated (contributed to Khrushchevs fall from power)
  • sobered by crisis so hotline installed for ussr and usa for future emergencies
  • first attempt to slow nuclear arms race
31
Q

what was significant about august 1963

A

partial nuclear test ban treaty

32
Q

why was east germanys economy damaged

A

2 million had fled to west

33
Q

when did East Germans build Berlin Wall

month and year

A

august 1961

34
Q

significance of Berlin Wall (4)

A
  • divided west and east
  • increased west German anxiety and anti communist hostility
  • Kennedy went to Berlin to assure him he was a berliner
  • Kennedy did nothing to stop it - made khru think he could get away with missiles in Cuba
35
Q

why did Kennedy continue involvement in Vietnam

A
  • containment + domino theory
  • wanted to prove himself after bay of its
  • military advisors such as McNamara and risk urged him
36
Q

how many American advisors assisted diem by 1963

A

17,000

37
Q

who organised the first of the freedom rides and what was their aim

A

core
- integrated group travelled on interstate buses to test Supreme Court rulings on interstate travel

38
Q

how did racists react to freedom riders + response of govt

A
  • burnt buses so R. Kennedy responded to enforce the supreme ruling
39
Q

why did MLK choose birgiingham

A

Bull Connor would react violently and it would gain publicity

40
Q

who is the public safety commissioner in Alabama, Birmingham

A

bull Connor

41
Q

who organised the march on Washington

A

Phillip Randolph

42
Q

two main aims of march on Washington

A
  • encourage passing of Kennedys civil rights bill
  • increased black employment opportunities
43
Q

how many were at the march of Washington

A

250,000

44
Q

3 things Kennedy did to help af-ams

A
  • appointed lots into federal positions + five black federal judges
  • equal employment opportunity commission
  • brought 57 cases against illegal violation of black voting rights in south
45
Q

3 reasons why Kennedy failed at conquering ‘ignorance and prejudice’

A
  • didn’t want to respond to ‘unpatriotic’ freedom riders - forced tp due to violence
  • situation in north
  • 46% of unemployed Americans were black
46
Q

what all white uni did James Meredith seek entry to

A

Mississippi

47
Q

how did Robert Kennedy help James Meredith

A

due to violence sent Mississippi national guard and us army regulars

48
Q

why was the USA the world’s most powerful nation by 1963

A
  • more missiles and superior navy
  • soviets surrounded by US military bases in allied nations
  • NATO and SEATO
49
Q

what demonstrated soviet unpopularity in east Europe

A

Hungarian revolt of 1956

50
Q

what is the peace corps

A

improve usa image abroad
- young volunteers sent to help poorer nations help themselves through teaching and technical aid programmes

51
Q

aim of peace corps

A

counter soviet propaganda of usa exploiting weaker nations

52
Q

how many countries did peace corps work in

A

44

53
Q

when did Kennedy ask congress to finance putting American on the moon

A

1961

54
Q

when did man go on moon

A

1969

55
Q

what was on Americans major concerns in spring 1963 poll

A

inflation and unemployment

56
Q

what did ‘the affluent society’ book emphasise

A
  • permanent American underclass
57
Q

what did Harringtons ‘the other America’ say

A

40-60 million Americans in poverty

58
Q

what were most black southerners employed in

A

low paid sharecropping or domestic occupations

59
Q

what exacerbated housing shortage for black Americans

A

city councils tearing down black neighbourhoods in name of urban renewal

60
Q

why were women facing persistent inequality (4)

A
  • mainly in low paid jobs (waitresses)
  • treated badly (airlines fired women in 30s)
  • 80% of teachers but 10% of principals
  • educated women steered towards ‘caring’ occupations (nursing)
61
Q

what did some schools do to pregnant girls and women

A

fire pregnant teachers and students

62
Q

when did feminine mystique come out

A

1963

key info on history (8 decks)

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