key info on Eisenhower Flashcards
why did conservatives elect ike (5)
- richard nixon as running mate
- conservative economic stance
- refused to criticise mccarthy
- accused democracts as being soft on communism
- supported state rights
what war did ike promise to end during election
korean
when was ike’s presidency
1953-61
what did he mean by dynamic conservatism
conservative when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to people
how much did trumans defence expenditure rise to during trumans presidency
300%
what did the 1958 national defence education act do (2)
- low cost loans for college students
- federal funds to improve scienve maths and foriegn languages (important during cold war)
what did truman set up for poor school kids that he continued
free lunches to poor kids
minimum wage raised from 75 cents to
$1
how many more americans had social secuirty coverage
10 mil
why did eisenhower establish the interstate highway system (4)
- poor roads hampered military transportation (threat to national security)
- number of cars on roads increasing
- stimulated economy - created jobs (had slowed after K war)
- only federal govt could solve this problem because states all disagreed on matter
how did eisenhower use nixon (4)
- wanted to say above partisan politics so let nixon attack democracts
- nixon had lots of congressional experience so was useful liasion to congress
- had him do goodwill visits to foreign nations (toured latin america)
- when he was ill had him perform presidential duties
how did eisenhower seem moderate republican
- wanted to improve soviet american relations
- estb NATO
- foreign aid a good cold war investment
- didnt dismantle new deal legislation
- extended social secuirty
what was the bricker amendment and who favoured it
woudve restricted presidents powers to make treaties with foriegn nations but the democracts helped defeat it.
- 45/48 repubs supported this
why did eisenhower not stand up to mccarthy
- thought it would demean his presidency and that he would eventually self destruct
what was low in 50s that grew consumer society
inflation and unemployment
what factors caused a growing economy
- economic rivals such as germany were still rebuiliding economies after ww2
- cheap oil
- baby boom
- building of suburban homes
- groiwng use of cars stimulated service industry (maccies grew)
- cars were now a show of status
how many cars manufactored in 1955 alone
7.9 mil
why did ppl criticise consumerism and materialism
- undermines trad values of hard work and frugality
- conformity and standardisation
- selfishness
how many homes had televisons by 1960
90%
what did televisions have that furthered consumer society
adveritisements
example of suburb
Levittown
why was the ‘new look’ defence policy introduced
feared excessive defence expendityre would damage USA
what did new look defence policy rely on rather than
nuclear weapons and less upon conventional forces
who was his sec of state
john dulles
what did dulles say america would use if threatened by aggression
massive retaliation
when did stalin die
1953 spring
impact of stalins death
new leadership team seemed anxiosu to reduce tensions
- led eisenhower to offer deal but it was too cheeky (wanted free unified germany and independant eastern european nations)
what did eisnehower suggest at geneva summit in 1955
‘open skies’ - monitor each others military build up
rejected by soviets
what did number of american nuclear weapons rise to during his presidency
1,000 - 6,000
when was sputnik launched into space vs the american one
1957
one year later in 58
why did eisnehower establish NASA
american panic over soviets being better established in space than them
what did the CIA help overthrow
Iran , Guatemalla and planned to do Cuba
how did eisenhower spy on enemy military installations
used U-2 reconnaissance planes
what was the u-2 incident
u-2 shot down - ike assumed self-detsurct was pressed so claimed it was metereological
soviets produced pilot and plane
heightened tensions and had to take responsibility right before paris summit
when was u-2 incident
1960
what did eisenhower refuse aid to despite promises of rollback communism
hunagry - they rebelled against soviets
when did hungary rebel against soviets and communism
1956
why was khru anxious in 1958
west refused diplomatic recongnition of east germany
west berlin became a centre of western espionage
how did khrushchev demand west become a free city - what did he threaten to do
hand over access routes to west germany to east berlin
how did ike respond to khru during berlin crisis
insisted he would always support west and that there was no crisis
- soviets went quiet - crisis passed
why was vietnam temporarily divided into communist north and non communist south
- geneva conference french agreed to exit veitnam due to being defeated
why did eisenhower build up anti communist south vietnam
feared it would fall to communism and other south east asia would follow
by 1961 how has eisenhower build up non communist south vietnam
- gave diem nearly 7 bil in aid
- 1,000 advisors on defeating communist insurgents
- SEATO to protect south vietnam
what islands did china bombard in 1954
Quemony and Matsu
why did USA use CIA to stage a coup in Iran
PM seized control of british oul company so wanted a pro american shah to grant concessions to american oil companies
what supreme court decision desegragated montgomery buses
1956 browder v gayle
what organisation organised the bus boycott
NAACP
where did the student sit ins begin in 1960
Woolworths white only lunch counter
impact of sit ins
- woolworth desegregated all counters in south by dec 1961
- inpsired further desegregation in other areas
- estb of SNCC
- effectiveness of mass action
why were many democrats becoming more liberal on race
- pivotal in states such as new york
- retarded souths economic growth - made it a backwards region
- unlikley for af-ams to quietly accept discrimination for much longer
what was eisenhowers biggest regret electing as supreme court and why
earl warren- brown v board of education passed due to him
what did brown b board rule
even if equal facilities it was psychologically harmful to black children
what death did eisenhower not comment on
Emmet Till
impact of eisenhower not approving of brown ruling
didnt respond to states who ignored it in deep south - despit esaying he would back up any federal ruling
impact of eisnehowers passing of two civil rights act
- so diluted by democrats it did very little
- brought only a few thousand extra voters
