key info on Nixon Flashcards
nixon appealed to republicans because
(4)
- a moderate (unlike goldwater who lost in 64)
- staunch anti communist
- vp so expereinced
- appealed ‘middle america’ concerns
who did middle america usually vote for - and why did nixon appeal to them
democrat
- resented taxes subisidising undeserved poor
- drafted children never from wealthy families - they were always protesting
- wanted less govt and restoration of law and oredr
why did southern whites like nixon
- southern strategy - slow down desegregation
- supported states right in the distribution of federal funds
- many social conservatives like him
who did spiro agnew attack
- ghetto rioters
- radicals
- liberals
who was the nominee at the democrat convention party - what was the controversy of this
Hubert Humphrey
- had not entered a single primary unlike McCarthy who had won many
national secuirty advisor
Kissinger
who made up the ‘berlin wall’
haldeman - chief of staff-
Ehrlichmen - domestic affairs advisor
example of Mitchell, his attorney general, disregarding the law
approved wiretraps without court authorisation
what were nixons main election promises
- peace with honour
- conservative social policies
- law and order
- slowing desergregation
- reducing expensive policies on poverty (great society)
what percent of americans believed too many families were getting welfare
84%
what meant that johnsons policies remained mainly intact
- democrat controlled congress
- nixons moderation and pragmatism
what did nixon do to try get welfare recipients to work
FAP - rejected by congress for being too controversial
how did nixon reduce social welfare
- closed 59 job corps down
- shrank office of economic opportuinty
- cut federal funding for housing and youth prorgrammes
how did nixon go against his aim of restoring conservative social policies
- increased federal expenditure on education, private health care and youth programmes
- social secirty and medicare and medicaid
did nixon spend more on social policies than johnson
yes ! :)
what percent of americans disaporved of busing
80%
miliken v bradley
1974 ruling
halted busing in detroit area
years of nixons presidency
1969-74
how did nixon promote affirmitive action
- federal contractors had to employ minority workers
district of columbia crime control act 1970
decrease crime in capital
largest ever anti war protest
moratorium - 1969
where were 4 students shot dead in a protest by the national guard
Kent State University
3 methods nixon used to decrease protestors
- timed troop withdrawals from vietnam to forestall popular protest
- adjusted then removed the draft
- took protestors to court
how many protestors were taken to court in Washington in 1970
100,000
what was endangering americas trade
japanese and german products, often cheaper and often better
new economic policy (NEP) introduced in
1971
what was new economic policy (NEP)
wages and prices frozen and the dollar devalued
- helped stimulate exports
cause of great inflation in 1973
devlauation of dollar in 1973 (after success of 1971)
abandonment of wage price controls
why was energy an economic issue
energy deficit - consumed 33% of world oil production depsitre being only 6%
OPEC oil embargo
nixon supported isreal in arab israeli war so led to embargo
- oil prices hiked to 387%
3 methods to achieve peace with honour in vietnam
- vietnamisation
- getting USSR and China to press N/V to agree to peace
- military pressure to force NV to agree
why did he bomb Ho Chi Minh trail in 1969
to sever communist supply lines
what showed the failure of Vietnamisation
Lam Son Offensive in Laos
what did cambodian offensive achieve in 1970
- very little
- protests
paris peace accords signed in what month and year
jan 1973
how much money did nixon grant the CIA to destabilise Allendes govt
10 mil
4 things to destabilise Chile Allende
- CIA had 10 mil to destabilise govt
- stopped all aid and influenced banks to halt loans to chile
- funded Allendes chillean opponents
- perhaps colluded in his overthrow by general Pinochet
Operation Condor
Pinochet and other right wing dictators estb this
- these nations particupated in political assasinations and kidnapping and transferring of political refugees to their homelands
nixon administration involvement in operation condor
- financial, organisational and technological aid
how many deaths was opereation condor repsonsible for
50,000
why did they want detente (4)
- appear as a peace loving statesman (elections in 1972)
- ussr increasingly powerful
- moscow could help force nv peace
- arms race was expensive
who was soviet leader
Brezhnev
how did USSR and USA decrease tensions in germay
USSR. acknowledged Western access rights to W/B and West acknwoledged East Germany’s frontiers
SALT 1972 meaning
strategic arms limitations treaty
impact of SALT 1972
- froze number of nuclear missiles
- soviets still tested multople warheads in 1973
who was winning arms race by 1972
soviets had more missiles but usa had more warheads on each of their missiles
what year were the plumbers set up (white hosue special investigative untit)
1971
what did the plumbers do to get info
stage break-ins etc
examples of things CREEP did that were illegal/ wrong
- illegal fundraising - maccies paid $200,000 for unauthorises cheeseburger price raise
- unfairly discrediting democrat canditate
- criminal surveillance - break ins
what went wrong in the CREEP break in at watergate hotel (democrat headquarters)
security guard caught five burgulars and two co ordinators in another building were also arrested
what was CREEP’s aim for the break in
find something to help or hinder nixons re election
how did the FBI trace the arrests back to CREEP
laundered money on the plumbers to CREEP
how did nixon obstruct justice
- him and haldeman discussed using CIA to stop FBI investigation (CIA refused)
- tried to buy burgulars silence
when were the Burgulars found guilty (month and year)
jan 1973
how long aftre burgulars arrest in jan 1973 did senate estb bipartisan committee on presidential campaign activities
a month
what was the highest ranking watergate confessor
ex attorney General John Mitchell
who did nixon try put the blame on
Ehrlichmen and Haldeman
what happened in july 1973 (watergate)
aid revealed nixon secretly taped conversations in whitehouse
what was revealed on one of the tapes in 1974
nixon had acc ordered the cover-up and conspired to obstruct justice
three articles of impeachment on grounds of:
- obstruction of justice (coverup)
- abuse of power (authorising wiretapping etc)
- abuse of congress (ignoring subpoenas issued by judiciary committee)
what percent of americans favoured impeachment
66%
when did he resign
(month and year)
August 1974
why did he resign
- too expensive to fight it
- feared criminal prosecution
- house judiciary committee promised him no further changes if he reisigned
- democrats in majoirty in house and senate and lost support fo congressional repubs so would deffo be impeached
what two people exposed watergate in washington post
Woodward and Bernstein
3 impacts of watergate scandal
- damanged repub party
- cynicism and distrust of govt
- damaged presidency
