Key info on Elizabeth Flashcards
reign started and ended
1558- 1603
what rebellion had she been implicated in during marys reign
Wyatts rebellion
role of William Cecil
principal secretary
then lord treasurer (1572-)
5 key features to Elizabeth’s consolidation of power/position
- Acceptance of Mary’s key councillors
- Cecil appointed Principal Secretary
- Endured traditional customs associated with monarchs
- Proceeded quickly to her coronation
- Gained some measure of international confirmation
Three things Elizabeth promises the Hugenot leader, Prince of conde?
- 6000 men
- a loan of £30,000
- control of the port of la havre as security
What happened with the French wars? (consolidation of mid Tudor crisis)
The Huguenots defeated, Conde captured, and on the Catholic side Duke of Guise was assassinated, leaving both sides leadless, and with the French factions agreeing to accept peace terms, they united to drive the English out of Le Havre.
Terms of Treaty of Troyes, 1564
-Elizabeth lost the indemnity should secured at Cateau-Cambresis but she also lost Calais permanently.
(Although in the long run this might of been an advantage as Calais was expensive and tempting to use in a starting point through the invasion, this was a blow to Elizabeth’s prestige)
- . After she became more cautious about supporting Protestant causes on the continent and this reflected through her subsequent attitudes to the Netherlands.
Name one way which the injunctions reflected some of Elizabeth’s personal idiosyncrasies.
Her disapproval of clerical marriage was signalled by the fact the prospective wives of clergy had to produce a certificate signed by two justices of the peace signifying their fitness for such a role.
How was the vexed issue of Calais agreed under the treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?
France would retain Calais for eight years, after which time calais would be restored to English control provided England keep the peace in the meantime. If Frances failed return Calais, they agreed to pay 500,000 crowns to England.
How many of Mary’ Councillors rode to Hatfield to assure Elizabeth of their loyalty?
9
What was another reason why the Privy Council weakened from the late 1580s?
Absence of senior noblemen.
How many Acts were passed by Elizabeth’s Parliament?
438
What Parliament was the Golden Speech made under?
1601
Why was factional rivalry in govt avoided until the 1580s?
Cecil controlled most patronage for the majority of the reign but both Hatton and Dudley had the power to distribute patronage to their supporters ensuring neither could become too powerful.
What dates were the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion issued?
1563
when was act of supremacy and uniformity passed
1559
The 1559 Royal Injunctions commanded the clergy to attack which Catholic practices?
Condemn images, relics and miracles. ‘Suppression of Superstition’
What did the Act of Royal Supremacy set out?
Papal supremacy rejected, reformation legislation restored, Queen supreme governor (not head) and clergymen took an oath of supremacy.
What did the Act of Uniformity set out?
Both 1549 and 1552 wordings of the Eucharist were permitted and Black Rubric was omitted.
What did the Puritans believe in?
Eradication of ‘popish superstition’.
Whose company did Shakespeare operate under?
Lord Chamberlain’s men.
Who sponsored the Globe Theatre’s performance of Richard II?
Supporters of the Earl of Essex.
Which was of greater value to the English economy foreign or domestic trade?
Domestic
How many expeditions did Hawkins make from 1562?
3 (where he acquired slaves from Africa then sold them in south America)
Which company was set up to trade in the Baltic but has the same limited success?
The Eastland Company (1579).
Which company was created and traded with success with the Turks (Ottoman empire)?
The Levant Company.
Which company was set up to trade with Asia?
Was it successful
The East India Company (1600) but has less investment than the Dutch East India Company and so has less success.
What was the biggest cause of rising prices?
Population growth
How much did the population icnrease by during Elizabeth’s reign?
40%
here were 44 harvests during Elizabeth’s reign, how many were poor?
9
Who was an important gentry figure in Elizabethan society?
Sir Christopher Hatton.
What was the Poor Law Act?
The first attempt at creating a national system of poor relief to be financed locally.
what year was the first poor law act
1576
years of the 3 poor law acts
1576
1598
1601
When was an extremely repressive act against vagrancy passed?
1547
How could the nobility win favour with the Quieen? (society)
By accommodating her on Royal Progresses
the 1601 Poor Law Act said that each parish must have what to administer the relief of the poor?
An overseer
What demonstrates the more peaceful nature of Elizabethan England?
The move away from building fortified homes to a focus on comfort
When did the ‘Oxfordshire-Rising’ take place?
1596
Elizabeth proclaimed herself Supreme Governor of where in 1560?
Ireland
Why could Protestantism not be imposed on Ireland?
Elizabeth lacked the power or the funds. Irish spoke Gaelic. Landownership and laws were very different to those in England.
how much in total was spent on suppressing Irish rebellions?
£2 million
When was the Northern Rebellion?
1569
Which rising is the Northern Rebellion linked to in 1570?
Cumberland
Which two Earls were the leaders in the Northern Rebellion?
Northumberland and Westmorland
What were the political motives of the leaders of the Northern Rebellion?
They felt dishonoured by having been displaced from their traditional aristocratic role of controlling northern government.
What evidence is there of religious motivation in northern rebellion?
Rebels said Mass in Durham Cathedral
What did the Essex faction want in terms of foreign relations?
Increased military action against Spain
What was Essex’ plan?
To have James IV recognised as heir and impeach Cecil.
Why did the Essex rebellion fail?
what happened to him
Esssex had overestimated his popularity and gained little support.
- arrested and executed
When was Mary QS executed?
1587
Who secured the execution of MQoS?
Burghley (believed the Queen and protestants were in danger if Mary lived) (used parliamentary petition which Elizabeth refused to sign until 1 Feb 1587).
When did the Armada set sail?
22 July 1588
How did Elizabeth break Cateau-Cambresis?
Military support for French Huguenots following the Duke of Guise’s massacre of Huguenots at Vassy
What Treaty sealed the peace between England and France?
Treaty of Troyes. Hwoever, England lost Calais.
