Last Class Review

Question 1

Three Reasons Research Design Matters

Answer 1

Sample differ in generalizability
Studies differ in the appropriateness of their measures
Limitations due to feasibility are still limitations

Question 2

3 Critiques of Empiricism

Answer 2

Not everything is observable.
Meaning can vary between subjects
(Non-)Random measurement error

Question 3

File Drawer Problem

Answer 3

Studies that are important but don’t meet statistical significance/don’t reject the null hypothesis aren’t published.

Question 4

2 Critiques of Determinism

Answer 4

Free will

Very hard to determine causality

Question 5

Main Critique of Objectivity

Answer 5

Facts are socially constructed by political, sociological, norms.

Question 6

3 Challenges to Achieving Objectivity

Answer 6

Confirmation bias
Disconfirmation bias
Motivated Reasoning

Question 7

Motivated Reasoning

Answer 7

Tendency to deliberately interpret information to confirm pre-existing beliefs

Question 8

Three General Problems with Objectivity/Cognitive Bias

Answer 8

People:

1. Assigns more expertise to those who agree with them
2. Cherry pick information
3. Are overly critical of those who disagree with them

Question 9

An important component of the scientific method

Answer 9

replication
helps ensure that things were just a one-off but actually reflect reality.
The more the same results are replicated the more sure we can be