Last 2 Flashcards
theory which holds that the political and economic relationships between countries and regions of the world control and limit the economic development possibilities of poorer areas
Dependency theory
a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.
Development
refers to so called developed, capitalist, industrial countries, roughly, a bloc of countries aligned with the United States after World War II, with more or less common political and economic interests: North America, Western Europe, Japan and Australia
First World
Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
A measure of the opportunities given to women compared to men within a given country.
Gender balance
an estimate of the total value of all materials, foodstuffs, goods, and services produced by a country in a particular year.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
the total amount of goods and services produced in a country divided by the total population of that country.
Gross Domestic Product per capita
calculates the monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the country
Gross National Income (GNI)
the total value of all goods and services produced by a country’s economy in a given year. It includes all goods and services produced by corporations and individuals of a country, whether or not they are located within a country.
Gross National Product (GNP)
indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.
Human Development Index
the underlying framework of services and amenities needed to facilitate productive activity.
Infrastructure
the percentage of a population that can fluently read and write.
Literacy
also known as a developing country, a country that is at a relatively early state in the process of economic development.
Less developed country (LDC)
program that provides small loans to poor people, especially women, to encourage development of small businesses
Microcredit programs
also known as a developed country, a country that has a high level of manufacturing and technology already.
More developed country (MDC)
control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures.
Neo-Colonialism
it cannot be renewed. Examples include coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear (some classify this as renewable).
Nonrenewable energy
a stage of economic development in which service activities become relatively more important than goods production.
Postindustrial
a monetary measurement which takes account of what money actually buys in each country.
Purchasing power parity (PPP)
service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.
Quaternary activities
service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high-level management.
Quinary activities
essentially an unlimited supply. Examples are hydropower, biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, biofuels, wave/tidal.
Renewable energy
a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.
Resource
model where economic development is based on the idea of successive stages of development. Each stage is seen as leading to the next, though some regions or countries may take longer than others to make the transition from one state to the next.
Rostow’s Model of Development (“Stages of Growth” Model or Modernization Model)
refers to the former communist-socialist, industrial states, (formerly the Eastern bloc, the territory and sphere of influence of the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic) today: Russia, Eastern Europe (e.g., Poland) and some of the Turk States (e.g., Kazakhstan) as well as China
Second World
the processing of raw materials into finished products; manufacturing.
Secondary activities
the measure of wealth or enjoyment that one experiences
Standard of living
the contrast between the technology available in developed core regions and that present in peripheral areas of underdevelopment.
Technology gap
the amount of time that it takes a new technology to leave the laboratory and arrive on shelves for citizens to purchase
Technology transfer
associated with the provision of services – such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.
Tertiary activities
originally (1950’s), designating countries considered not yet fully developed or in a state of underdevelopment in economic and social terms.
Third World
theory originated by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure (core, semi-periphery, and periphery), proposing that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developed world.
World Systems Theory (Core-Periphery Model)
