Last 2

Question 1

theory which holds that the political and economic relationships between countries and regions of the world control and limit the economic development possibilities of poorer areas

Answer 1

Dependency theory

Question 2

a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

Answer 2

Development

Question 3

refers to so called developed, capitalist, industrial countries, roughly, a bloc of countries aligned with the United States after World War II, with more or less common political and economic interests: North America, Western Europe, Japan and Australia

Answer 3

First World

Question 4

Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.

Answer 4

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Question 5

A measure of the opportunities given to women compared to men within a given country.

Answer 5

Gender balance

Question 6

an estimate of the total value of all materials, foodstuffs, goods, and services produced by a country in a particular year.

Answer 6

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Question 7

the total amount of goods and services produced in a country divided by the total population of that country.

Answer 7

Gross Domestic Product per capita

Question 8

calculates the monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the country

Answer 8

Gross National Income (GNI)

Question 9

the total value of all goods and services produced by a country’s economy in a given year. It includes all goods and services produced by corporations and individuals of a country, whether or not they are located within a country.

Answer 9

Gross National Product (GNP)

Question 10

indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

Answer 10

Human Development Index

Question 11

the underlying framework of services and amenities needed to facilitate productive activity.

Answer 11

Infrastructure

Question 12

the percentage of a population that can fluently read and write.

Answer 12

Literacy

Question 13

also known as a developing country, a country that is at a relatively early state in the process of economic development.

Answer 13

Less developed country (LDC)

Question 14

program that provides small loans to poor people, especially women, to encourage development of small businesses

Answer 14

Microcredit programs

Question 15

also known as a developed country, a country that has a high level of manufacturing and technology already.

Answer 15

More developed country (MDC)

Question 16

control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures.

Answer 16

Neo-Colonialism

Question 17

it cannot be renewed. Examples include coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear (some classify this as renewable).

Answer 17

Nonrenewable energy

Question 18

a stage of economic development in which service activities become relatively more important than goods production.

Answer 18

Postindustrial

Question 19

a monetary measurement which takes account of what money actually buys in each country.

Answer 19

Purchasing power parity (PPP)

Question 20

service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.

Answer 20

Quaternary activities

Question 21

service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high-level management.

Answer 21

Quinary activities

Question 22

essentially an unlimited supply. Examples are hydropower, biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, biofuels, wave/tidal.

Answer 22

Renewable energy

Question 23

a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.

Answer 23

Resource

Question 24

model where economic development is based on the idea of successive stages of development. Each stage is seen as leading to the next, though some regions or countries may take longer than others to make the transition from one state to the next.

Answer 24

Rostow’s Model of Development (“Stages of Growth” Model or Modernization Model)

Question 25

refers to the former communist-socialist, industrial states, (formerly the Eastern bloc, the territory and sphere of influence of the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic) today: Russia, Eastern Europe (e.g., Poland) and some of the Turk States (e.g., Kazakhstan) as well as China

Answer 25

Second World

Question 26

the processing of raw materials into finished products; manufacturing.

Answer 26

Secondary activities

Question 27

the measure of wealth or enjoyment that one experiences

Answer 27

Standard of living

Question 28

the contrast between the technology available in developed core regions and that present in peripheral areas of underdevelopment.

Answer 28

Technology gap

Question 29

the amount of time that it takes a new technology to leave the laboratory and arrive on shelves for citizens to purchase

Answer 29

Technology transfer

Question 30

associated with the provision of services – such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.

Answer 30

Tertiary activities

Question 31

originally (1950’s), designating countries considered not yet fully developed or in a state of underdevelopment in economic and social terms.

Answer 31

Third World

Question 32

theory originated by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure (core, semi-periphery, and periphery), proposing that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developed world.

Answer 32

World Systems Theory (Core-Periphery Model)