Government Flashcards
dispute that involves some type of natural resource
Allocational (Resource) boundary dispute
a country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic
Anocracy
one drawn across an area before it is well populated, that is, before most of the cultural landscape features were put in place.
Antecedent boundary
a country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people.
Autocracy
an invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory.
Boundary
an independent but small and weak country lying between two powerful countries.
Buffer state
a strategic strait or canal which could be closed or blocked to stop sea traffic.
Choke point
a territory that has established a mutual agreement with another state for the benefit of both parties.
Commonwealth
the borders of the state are approximately equidistant from the center of the country
Compact state
A boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language.
Consequent boundary
the translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty (the definition) into an official cartographic representation.
Delimitation
the actual placing of a political boundary on the landscape by means of barriers, fences, walls, or other markers.
Demarcation
a country in which the citizens elect leaders and can run for office.
Democracy
the transition of an authoritarian regime (dictatorship) to a representative form of government
Democratization
the demilitarized zone between North and South Korea.
DMZ
the study of the interactions among space, place, and region and the conduct and results of elections.
Electoral geography
are at least twice as long as they are wide or vice versa: they are long and skinny
Elongated states
a piece of territory surrounded by, but not part of, a country.
Enclave
an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among members; often called the Common Market.
European Union
a piece of national territory separated from the main body of a country by the territory of another country.
Exclave
the right for a country to explore for resources up to 200 miles off of their shore
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
an internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local government.
Federal State
a capital city deliberately sited in a state’s frontier zone.
Forward-Thrust Capital
a state that is in pieces that are not attached to each other.
Fragmented state
a disagreement between neighboring states over policies to be applied to their common border; often induced by differing customs regulations, movement of nomadic groups, or illegal immigration or emigration.
Functional (operational) boundary dispute
political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc.
Geometric boundary
to redraw voting district boundaries in such a way as to give one political party maximum electoral advantage and to reduce that of another party, to fragment voting blocks, or to achieve other nondemocratic objectives.
Gerrymandering
group that includes two or more states seeking political and /or economic cooperation with each other.
International organization
a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.
Landlocked
law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth’s seas and oceans and their resources.
Law of the Sea
when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is.
Locational (Positional) boundary dispute
(also called the “equidistance method”) involves drawing a line equidistant from the closest mainland points of each of two adjacent countries. The “modified median line” principle allows small adjustments in this equidistance line to account for de facto boundaries or for practical reasons such as avoiding administrative problems that would result from splitting a single oil field between two states.
Median-line principle
has an entire state completely inside of its borders.
Perforated state
those boundaries based on recognizable physiologic features, i.e. mountains, rivers, and lakes.
Physical (Natural) boundary
has a protrusion extending out from its main base.
Prorupted state
the process of allocating electoral seats to geographical areas.
Reapportionment
a former boundary line that no longer functions as such is still marked by some landscape features or differences on the two sides.
Relic boundary
boundary drawn after the development of the cultural landscape.
Subsequent boundary
the civil right to vote.
Suffrage
a boundary forced on existing cultural landscapes, a country, or a people by a conquering or colonizing power that is unconcerned about preexisting cultural patterns.
Superimposed boundary
occurs when states willingly relinquish some degree of sovereignty in order to gain the benefits of belonging to a larger political-economic entity.
Supranationalism
relationship between a state’s geographic shape, size, relative location, and its political situation - a state’s physical shape - could be compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupted, or perforated
Territorial morphology
a state in which the central government dictates the degree of local or regional autonomy and the nature of local governmental units; a country with few cultural conflicts and with a strong sense of national identity.
Unitary state
