Larynx (extrinsic) Flashcards by Valerie Savalli

T/F: the suspension sytem of the larynx is primarily done by extrinsic lar. muscles

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Styloid processes

Stylus-shaped projections from the base of the skull, serving as the origin for several muscles.

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Mastoid processes

Larger, smoother protrusions behind the earlobes, providing insertion points for muscles like the sternocleidomastoid

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Which connection point of skull is more ‘pointy’ : styloid or mastoid

styloid

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The hyoid bone is the ______ bone

floating

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The hyoid bone is located by 3rd ______ vertebra and is suspended by a network of ________

cervical; ligaments

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Which extrinsic structure serves as an anchor for the larynx

the hyoid bone

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the 2 main functions of hyoid bone and why they are important (think of a boat)

structural support - ONLY solid part of tongue
Anchors larynx - helps with speech and swallowing

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Which of the following aren’t hard parts of the extrinsic larynx :
1. sternum (manubrium)
2. scapula
3. clavicle
4. mastoid process
5. None of the above

None of the above

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The scapula is more commonly known as the _________

shoulder blade

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the clavicles in very skinny people are more ______

prominent; obvious

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the 4 general extrinsic laryngeal muscle groups

Pharyngeal constrictors
Infrahyoids
Suprahyoids
Pharyngeal elevators

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Which of the following bones is directly involved in suspending the larynx?
A. Clavicle
B. Scapula
C. Hyoid bone
D. Manubrium of the sternum

C. Hyoid bone

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T/F: The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle originates from the greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone.

False (Originates at the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages)

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For what kind of sound do the pharyngeal constrictors get LOWERED

Ejectives

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Where are the pharyngeal constrictors (think logically)

back + side walls of pharynx

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3 types of pharyngeal constrictors

inferior, middle and superior

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T/F : all 3 phayrngeal constrictors are crucial for laryngeal support

F - just inferior + middle

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Where does the inferior phar. constrictor originitate from? (CT scan)

Cricoid + thyroid cartilages

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Main function of the INFERIOR pharyngeal constrictor

pulls the larynx backward + up and narrows the laryngopharynx

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Laryngopharynx

LOWER part of pharynx (L for low)

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T/F : Because of the diagonal nature of the raphe, the constriction of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor would go both up and down.

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The inferior pharyngeal cons. is above/below the esophagus

mainly above

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Origin of the middle pharyngeal constrictor (think of goats)

greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone and the stylohyoid ligament

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T/F : only the middle pharyngeal constrictor inserts itself into the median raphe of the pharynx

False - both inf. and middle

Function of middle pharyngeal constrictor

retracts + elevates the hyoid bone, narrowing the oropharynx (something about oral + pharynx)

What is the primary function of the middle pharyngeal constrictor? A. Narrowing the laryngopharynx and pulling the larynx backward B. Raising and retracting the hyoid bone while narrowing the oropharynx C. Lowering the pharynx and expanding the airway D. Widening the esophageal opening for swallowing

B. Raising and retracting the hyoid bone while narrowing the oropharynx

T/F : infrahyoid muscles are situated ABOVE the larynx

true

Infrahyoid muscles are known as the ___ muscles (think seat belts) and their main function is for ...

strap - forced inspiration + phonation

4 main infrahyoid muscles

1. Sternohyoid 2. Sternothyroid 3. Thyrohyoid 4. Omohyoid

*Note : easiest way to remember the infrahyoid origin + insertion is that the first word = where it comes from and the second is where it is GOING*

How do the thyrohyoid and sternothyroid muscles work together in terms of raising and lowering

1. If the higher structure is STABLE, the lower raises and vice versa

T/F : the infrahyoid muscle containing 2 bellies is the sternothyroid muscle

false - the omohyoid, into superior and inferior

Function : Sternothyroid muscle

Lowers the larynx by connecting the sternum to the thyroid cartilage.

Sternohyoid

Lowers the hyoid bone, linking the sternum to the hyoid

Thyrohyoid

Modulates tension between the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, can either raise the larynx or lower the hyoid

Omohyoid

Has two segments, lowers or stabilizes the hyoid bone, and indirectly affects larynx position

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the infrahyoid (strap) muscles? A. Sternothyroid B. Thyrohyoid C. Omohyoid D. Stylohyoid

D. Stylohyoid

4 suprahyoid muscles (dice, T swift, milo, genie in a bottle)

1. Digastric 2. Stylohyoid 3. Mylohyoid 4. Geniohyoid

main function of suprahyoid muscles + what it means for speech

elevate the hyoid bone, and consequently, the larynx, facilitating swallowing and a!ecting voice pitch

How are the digastric and omohyoid muscles similar despite being below or above the hyoid bone

they are both two bellied

The long weird line known as the digastric muscle serve for which function + explains the connections for both bellies

jaw opening + larynx elevation - anterior = digrastric fossa of mandible (below teeth) - posterior = mastoid process

stylohyoid muscle : origin + function

origin = styloid process function = RAISES and retracts H bone

which muscle parrallels the stylohyoid muscle

the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

mylohyoid muscle : what is it + origin + function (think of milo's roundness)

thin, flat muscle forming floor of mouth origin = mylohyoid line of mandible (center of jaw) --> into hyoid bone function = raises H bone + assists in elevating the tongue during swallowing

geniohyoid

more centered in the jaw, pulls the hyoid bone upward and forward + larynx

main function of pharyngeal elevators :

raise larynx + pharyngeal walls

name the 3 pertinent pharyngeal elevators (all end in pharyngeuus: T swift, cleansing my _____, sapin)

1. stylophar. 2. Palatophar. 3. salpingophar.

Stylopharyngeus muscle - function (T swift is BIG) + origin

1. at styloid process --> into pharyngeal wall + thyroid cartilage 2. UP larynx, widens pharynx

palatopharyngeus muscle : origin + function

origin = soft palate, merges with stylophar + inserts into thyroid cart. function = UP larynx and helps in lowering the VELUM for velic sounds

salpingopharyngeus : origin + function

origin = eustachian tube openings --> inserts into palatophar muscle function = assists in UP the larynx + pharynx | helps equalize pressure between outer and inner ear

the mechanics of BREATHY voice (2 ways - LCA vs IA)

1. LESS contraction of LCA muscles, leaving a larger gap 2. BAD constraction of IA muscles, leaving a posterior gap

Characteristics of breathy voice

1. Vocal folds not fully closed 2. Quieter than modal voice 3. Social interpretations. 4. needs more air -- faster respiration

T/F : both breathy and creaky voice can be phonemically contrastive in varying languages

True

Creaky voice characteristics

1. Vocal fry 2. Used for age, gender, social distinction + phon. contrast 3. Lower pitch

mechanics of creaky voice (slackline, IA, etc)

- V.F. are shortened + slack - IA muscles bring aryt. cart. together --> big closure periods - tiny bursts of air escape between closures

The production of creaky voice includes the engagement of ______ and _____ folds, and can result in higher acoustic ____ and _____ (having to do with variation/perturbation from one cycle to the next or multiple cycles)

aryepiglottic; ventricular; jitter; shimmer

Between creaky and breathy voice, which one is more energy efficient?

creaky

T/F : in breathy voice, F0 is dampened, so H2 will be more prominent than F0 creating a positive spectral tilt

False - this is for CREAKY

two glottalic airstreeams

ingressive - implosives eggressive - ejectives

Which of the following sounds combine glottalic ingressive and pulmonic eggressive airstreams? 1. Creaky voice 2. Breathy voice 3. Ejectives 4. Implosives

4. Implosives

In implosives, the larynx goes up/down and sounds are voiced/voiceless

down; voiced

In ejectives, the larynx starts open/closed then goes up/down and are voiced/voiceless

closed; up; voiceless

Which extrinsic laryngeal muscles contribute to producing the ejective sound (think HIGH and apartment)

suprahyoid + pharyngeal elevator muscles

Say you are producing the sound [t’]. Which set of muscles will need to be involved in relation to larynx raising or lowering? A. Stylohyoid Muscles B. Superiod Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles C. Sternothyroid Muscles D. Sternostyloid Muscles

A. Stylohyoid Muscles

lenis vs fortis ejectives (think logically)

1. Lenis - less larynx raising 2. Fortis - use additional muscle compression