larynx and pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

The pharynx

A

muscular tube open anteriorly

theres a naso oro and laryno pharynx

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2
Q

muscles of pharynx

A

superior, middle (smallest by hyoid bone) and inferior pharyngeal constricters
they are continuous with the buccanator m and help push food down

inferior pharyngeal constrictors are subdivided into thyro pharyngeus (attaches to thyroid) and cricco (attaches to cricoid process) pharyngeus

stylo pharyngeus- separates superior and middle

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3
Q

pharynx from the posterior aspect

A

there is a median pharyngeal raphe that divides the muscles, theres a space between the skull and the superior constricter filled with pharyngobasilar fascia
there is a piriform fossa by epiglottis that contains nerve

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4
Q

features of nasopharynx

A

auditory tube, tubal elevation torus tubarius, salpingopharyngeus, levator (medial) veli palatini, tensor veli (lateral) palatini, naso pharyngeal tonsil

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5
Q

oropharynx feature

A

oropharyngeal isthmus- opening from oral cavity to pharynx

palatine tonsils between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

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6
Q

laryngo pharynx features

A

piriform fossae on either side of laryngeal inlet(opening of the pharynx into larynx/voice box

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7
Q

innervation of pharynx

A

pharyngeal plexus= CN IX and X and sympathetic fibers
*Motor: CN X- all muscles of soft palate and pharynx (3 pharyngeal constrictors, salpingopharyngeus, palato pharyngeus); CN IX-stylopharyngeus; CN V3-tensor veli palatini

*sensory: CN IX and CN V2- upper pharynx ; CN X- lower

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8
Q

blood supply and lymphatic drainage of pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

jugulodigastric nodes- sore throat enlarges it

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9
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing/ deglutition

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10
Q

larynx/voice box

A

passageway for air that functions in voice production from laryngo pharynx to trachea

function: voice production

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11
Q

clinical correlations of larynx

A

laryngitis, vocal polyps, smoking

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12
Q

laryngeal cartilages (thyroid cartilage)

A

thyroid cartilage- 2plates/laminae fused large more squished in men

  • superior cornu (horn)- posteriorly arranged, its an attachment for thryohyoid membrane
  • inferior cornu- articulates with cricoid cartilage (bottom cart
  • oblique line- attachment for inferior constrictor, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid muscles
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13
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

has an anterior arch thats thin and a very broad posterir lamina, forms a complete ring and is the only cartilage that does so, on top there are 2 arytenoid cartilages, on tom of arytenoids are the corniculate cartilages, cuneform cartilages attach the very tip of the corniculate cartilages with the thyrohyoid membrane and are covered with mucosa

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14
Q

arytenoid cartilage

A

has vocal process that projects anteriorly and attach to the vocal ligament

muscular process that projects laterally and attach to several muscles to allow it to move

the arytenoid cartilage has a synovial joint between it and the cricoid cartilage that allows it to move and swivel medially and laterally

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15
Q

epiglottic cartilage

A

elastic cartilage that connects to the thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

cricotracheal ligament

A

connects cricoid and 1st tracheal ring

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17
Q

thyrohyoid membrance

A

connects thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

18
Q

cricothyroid membranes (2)

A

connect cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

19
Q

cricothyroid ligament

A

anterior/median

20
Q

cricovocal membranes or lateral cricothyroid ligaments

A

tent like fibrous sheets that project medially

21
Q

vocal ligaments

A

thickened, superior, free edge of cricovocal membranes

22
Q

conus elasticus

A

cricovocal membrane and the vocal ligament combined

23
Q

quadrangular membrane

A

from epiglottis to arytenoid cartilages looks like a sail

24
Q

aryepiglottic fold

A

superior free edge of quadrangular membrane

25
vestibular ligaments
inferior free edge of the quadrangular membrane
26
vestibular folds
mucosa that covers vestibular ligaments
27
vocal folds
mucosa that covers the vocal ligaments, cricovocal membranes and vocalis mmm
28
rima glottidis
the space between the vocal fold in the horizontal plane
29
vestibule of larynx
superior to the vestibular fold
30
ventricle of larynx
between the vestibular and vocal fold
31
infraglottic cavity
below vocal cords
32
glossoepiglottic folds
connect tongue and epiglottis have vallecula which are depressions between the tongue anteriorly and epiglottis posteriorly
33
aditus laryngis
laryngeal inlet going into epiglottis
34
cricothyroids (intrinsic muscles of the larynx) m
location: between thyroid and cricoid cartilages action: tilts thyroid cartilage anteriorly, elongating and tightening vocal ligaments-> an increase in pitch of voice innervation: external laryngeal n
35
transverse arytenoids m
unpaired location: from one arytenoid cartilage to the other action: pulls arytenoid cartilages together, affecting the width of the rima glottidis innervation: recurrent laryngeal n
36
oblique arytenoids m
location: superficial to transverse arytenoids, blend with aryepiglottic m action: adjusts the size of the laryngeal inlet innervation: recurrent laryngeal n
37
posterior cricoarytenoids m
location: from muscular process of arytenoid cartilages to posterior part of cricoid cartilage action pulls muscular process medially to abduct the vocal folds and open the rima glottidis innervation: recurrent laryngeal n
38
thyroarytenoid muscles m
location from posterior surface of thyroid cartilage to arytenoid cartilages action: pull arytenoig cartilages anteriorly to decrease tension on vocal ligament-> lower pitch innervation: recurrent laryngeal n
39
lateral cricoaretenoids
locations from muscular process of arytenoid cartiages to lateral part of cricoid cartilage action: pull muscular proccess anteriorly to adduct the vocal folds thus closing the rima glottidic innervation: recurrent laryngeal
40
innervation of the larynx
superior laryngeal nerve: sensory and motor internal laryngeal nerve: sensory to mucosa superior to the vocal folds external laryngeal nerve: motor to cricothyroid muscle recurrent laryngeal nerve: sensory to mucosa inferior to vocal folds and motor to many intrinsic m of pharynx
41
muscles of speech
``` alter space between vocal cords: *posterior cricoarytenoid-opens glottis *lateral cricoarytenoid-closes glottis alter tension of vocal cords: *cricothyroid-elongates and tightens vocal cords *thyroarytenoid and vocalis-shorten vocal cords protect entrance to larynx: *thyroepiglottis *aryepiglottic muscles ```