academic enhancement cranial nerves Flashcards
Cranial nerves with autonomic function
3 7 9 and 10
oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
*5 (trigeminal carries autonomics but it does not actually have any autonomic function)
CN 3- Parasympathetics (location of preg cell bodies, postganglionic cell bodies, pathway final destination and what an injury will cause)
Parasympathetics
preg- edinger westphal nucleus-in midbrain
post g-ciliary ganglion - travels on V1 ophthalmic
pathway-edinger westphal nuc->midbrain->CN3->ciliary ganglion->short ciliary nerve (V1)->sphincter pupillae and ciliary m
final destination: sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle for accomodation
injury: dilation of pupil/midriasis, loss of accomodation
CN 3- sympathetics (location of preg cell bodies, postganglionic cell bodies, pathway final destination and what an injury will cause)
oppose the PANS that come from CN3
loc preganglion: lateral horns of T1-L2
post ganglionic: superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic chain)
pathway: lateral horn->ventral root->white rami comm->sympathetic trunk-> superior cervical ganglion (synapse)-> passes thru internal carotid plexus (on carotid a)-> ciliary ganglion (does not synapse here)->long ciliary nerves V1->dilator pupillae and superior tarsal (keeps eyelids open assist the levator palpabrae) muscle
injury cause:ptosis (droopy eyelids) and myosis (constriction of pupils
CN 7- Parasympathetic for lacrimation (location of preg cell bodies, postganglionic cell bodies, pathway final destination and what an injury will cause)
location of pre- superior salivatory nucleus (pons)
location of post- lacrimation- pterygopalatine ganglia (associated with V2)
pathway:superior salivatory nucleus->CN 7 (nervous intermedius)->geniculate ganglion (doesnt synapse)-> greater petrosal nerve (branch of CN 7)-> joins the deep petrosal nerve to form nerve of pterygoid canal-> finally synapse on pterygopalatine ganglion->zygomaticotemporal nerve (V2 branch) or lacrimal nerve (V1)-> lacrimal gland
post ganglions can also jump on to descending palatine nerves where they go to palatine glands to assist in saliva
injury: dry eyes (xeropthalmia)
CN 7- Parasympathetic for salivtion (location of preg cell bodies, postganglionic cell bodies, pathway final destination and what an injury will cause)
location of pre- superior salivatory nucleus (pons)
location of post- submandibular ganglion (associated with V3)
Pathway: superior salvitory nucleus-> nervus intermedius CN7-> geniculate ganglion-> chorda tympani (CN7)->ride on lingual nerve (V3)->submandibular ganglion to synapse-> submandibular gland and sublingual gland
injury->dry mouth (xerostomia)
CN 7 sympathetic for to oppose lacrimation and salivary gland
lacrimal glands: lateral horn-> ventral root> white comm->sympathetic chain-> superior cervical ganglia (synapses)-> internal carotid plexus-> deep petrosal nerve->joins with greater petrosal nerve to form nerve of pterygoid canal->pterygopalatine ganglion (doesnt synapse)-> can go on zygomaticotemporal or the lacrimal nerve
salivary glands: lateral horn-> ventral root> white comm->sympathetic chain-> superior cervical ganglia (synapses)-> external carotid plexus-> lingual ARTERY and facial ARTERY->submandibular and sublingual glands
CN 9 Parasympathetic (location of preg cell bodies, postganglionic cell bodies, pathway final destination and what an injury will cause)
preg cell bodies: inferior salivatory nucleus (medulla)
postg cell bodie: otic ganglion (associated with V3)
pathway: inferior salivatory nucleus-> CN9 (tympanic nerve) ->lesser petrosal nerve-> otic ganglion synapse->auriculotemporal (branch of V3)-> parotid gland
dry mouth- really dry mouth xerostomia
CN 9 sympathetics
lateral horn-> ventral root> white comm->sympathetic chain-> superior cervical ganglia (synapses)-> internal carotid plexus->external carotid->superficial temporal artery->parotid gland
CN 10 parasympathetics (location of preg cell bodies, postg cell bodies, pathway final destination and what an injury will cause)
preg cell bodies: dorsal motor nucleus of X
postg cell bodies: autonomic ganglia near or within the target organ
pathway: dorsal motor nuclues of X->CN X->exits thru jugular foramen->autonomic ganglia
final destination->gut
CN 10 sympathetics
sympathetic trunk
greater, deep , and lesser petrosal nerves
greater and lesser are parasympatheic
deep is sympathetic
greater (br of VII) that joins with the deep to for nerve of pterygoid canal to go to pterygoid ganglia
lesser (br of IX) innervates parotid gland
CN 7 intracranial branches
- Greater petrosal nerve (joins deep petrosal of SANS to innervate lacrimal gland)
- nerve to the stapedius- flexes stapedius muscle going to stapes which dulls noise- injury will cause hyperacusis (loud noises hurt)
- Chorda tympani -comes out petrotympanic fissure and joins lingual nerve and it carries PANS to submandibular and sublingual glands, but it also provides taste to anterior 2/3 tongue
CN 7 extracranial branches
- Posterior auricular (motor)-scalp muscles
- Branch to posterior digastric and stylohyoid
- Continues in face and pierces parotid and fans out
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal (most of facial expression), marginal mandibular, Cervical
CN 1 name: Sensory motor or both: foramen/bone: Clinical correlate:
name:olfactory
Sensory motor or both: sensory
foramen/bone: criribform plate of ethmoid b
Clinical correlate: anosmia (cant smell)
CN 2 name: Sensory motor or both: foramen/bone: Clinical correlate:
name: optic
Sensory motor or both: sensory
foramen/bone: optic canal of sphenoid bone
Clinical correlate: visual field defects
CN 3 name: Sensory motor or both: emerges from brainstem: foramen/bone: Clinical correlate:
CN 3
name: oculomotor
Sensory motor or both: motor
emerges from brainstem: midbrain (ed westphal nucleus if talking about PANS
foramen/bone: superior orbital fissure (sphenoid bone
Clinical correlate: injury commonly caused by cavernous sinus injury- eyeball is down and out with ptosis
CN 4 name: Sensory motor or both: emerges from brainstem: foramen/bone: Clinical correlate:
CN 4
name: trochlear coming out of dorsal side
Sensory motor or both: motor
emerges from brainstem: pontomedullary junction
foramen/bone: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone, passes out of the tendinous ring
Clinical correlate: cavernous sinus injury, diplopia when looking down and to the nose. Cannot look down when eye is adducted superior oblique m
CN 6 name: Sensory motor or both: emerges from brainstem: foramen/bone: Clinical correlate:
CN 6
name: abducens
Sensory motor or both: motor
emerges from brainstem: pontomedullary junction
foramen/bone:superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone, passes in of the tendinous ring
Clinical correlate: canvernous sinus injury- first sign of cavernous sinus- lateral rectus diplopia eye is medially
CN 5 1 name: Sensory motor or both: emerges from brainstem: foramen/bone: Clinical correlate:
CN 5 1
name: ophthalmic
Sensory motor or both: sensory
emerges from brainstem: pons-
foramen/bone: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Clinical correlate: loss of pain and sensation to the upper one third of face
innervation: upper one third of face and tip of nose
branches of V1 (ophthalmic)
- lacrimal nerve (PANS from CN VII to get to lacrimal gland
- Frontal nerve
2a. Supratrochlear (more medial than supraorbital)
2b. supraorbital (more lateral than supratrochlear) - Nasocilliary deep to frontal nerve
a. posterior ethmoidal nerve-to nose
b. long cililary
c. infratrochlear
d. anterior ethmoidal-to nose
branches of V2 (maxillary) name: Sensory motor or both: emerges from brainstem: foramen/bone: Clinical correlate:
name: maxillary
Sensory motor or both: sensory
emerges from brainstem: pons
foramen/bone: foramen rotundum (sphenoid)
Clinical correlate:loss of pain sensation to middle third of face
branches of V2 (maxillary)
- middle meningeal (in cranium)
- Zygomatic n
2a. zygomaticotemporal- cranial nerve 7 PANS
2b. zygomaticofacial
3 nasopalatine- thru incisor foramen
4 Posterior superior alveolar nerve
5 infraorbital -> middle and anterior superior alveolar nerve
6 superior labial - greater and lesser palatine nerves
branches of V3 (mandibular) Sensory motor or both: emerges from brainstem: foramen/bone: Clinical correlate:
Sensory motor or both: both
emerges from brainstem: pons
foramen/bone: sphenoid bone- foramen ovale
Clinical correlate: loss of pain sensation of lower third face and lose mastication
innervates: senstation to lower third of face, muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympini, ant belly of digastric, and mylohyoid
branches of V3 (mandibular)
- Muscular branches:
a. nerve to medial pterygoid
b. n to tensor tympani
c. n to tensor veli palatini
d. masseteric n
e. deep temporal n
f. lateral pterygoid nerve - Sensory branches
a. meningeal branch
b. buccal nerve
c. auriculotemporal n (carries branches of 9) and senses skin
d. lingual n- general sensation to anterior 2/3rds of tongue - Mixed:
a. inferior alveolar
i. nerve to mylohyoid
ii. mental nerve
Hypoglossal
originates from medulla/spinal cord
comes out of hypoglossal canal
by neck - in submandibular triangle of neck
all muscles of tongue except palatoglossus
cant stick tongue out, lick you wounds
