Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MB1: Gastrointestinal > Large bowel disease > Flashcards

Large bowel disease Flashcards

1
Q

what exactly is a diverticulum

A

mucosal herniation through muscle coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is diverticular disease usually

A

sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is diverticular disease classified

A

hinchey classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is colonic angiodysplasia

A

submucosal lakes of blood, usually on right side of colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

causes of large bowel obstruction

A

colorectal cancer
benign stricture
volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a sigmoid volvulus and the complication

A

bowel twists on the mesentery

gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a pseudo-obstruction and who is it more common in

A

no real large bowel obstruction

elderly and debilitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what genes predispose to IBD

A

NOD2/CARD15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what T cell mediated response is chrons disease

A

TH1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what T cell mediated response is UC

A

TH1/TH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when are antibiotics effective in chrons

A

peri-anal chrons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True/false - smoking aggravates UC and protects against chrons

A

false - it aggravates chrons and protects against UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is proctitis

A

UC only affecting rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is left sided colitis

A

UC affecting descending and sigmoid colon and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is pancolitis

A

UC affecting entire colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is severe colitis classed as

A

> 6 bloody stools/24hrs and one of Fever, tachycardia, elevated ESR, anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does endoscopy look like with UC

A

inflammation extending from anal margin to transition zone
lost vessel pattern
contact bleeding
grainy mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

true/false - UC has increased risk of colorectal cancer

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is primary sclerosing cholangitis and who is it more common in

A

inflammatory disease of biliary tree

more common in IBD (80%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of lesions and inflammation does chrons cause

A

skip lesions and transmural inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

complications of chrons

A

peri-anal disease, abscess, fistula

stricture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

treatment options available for UC

A 
5ASA
Steroids 
Immunosuppression 
Anti-TNF therapy 
Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment options for chrons

A

Steriods
immunosuppression
anti-TNF
surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what types of 5ASA therapy are there

A

oral- pH or delayed release (asacol/pentasa)

suppository/enema (salazopyrin/balsalazide/mesalazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

side effects of 5-ASA therapy

A

diarrhoea and idiosyncratic nephritis

26
Q

side effects of steroid therapy

A 
osteoporosis 
acne 
skin thinning 
weight gain
diabetes
hypertension 
growth failure
27
Q

what drugs may be used for immunosuppression and what are the side effects

A

methotrexate/azathroprine/mercaptopurine

pancreatitis/hepatitis/lymphoma

28
Q

name the 2 anti TNF drugs and their administration

A

infliximab - IV

adalimumab - S/C

29
Q

for what IBD is surgery curative

A

UC

30
Q

too much surgery in chrons can cause…

A

SBS/SGS

31
Q

risk factors of IBS

A

usually <45
2 times more likely women
FHx
Anxiety, depression

32
Q

name 3 antispasmodics and effectiveness and indication

A

IBS-C and D
peppermint oil
mebeverine, alverine citrate
mild short term relief of discomfort

33
Q

indication of soluble fibre for IBS and name

A

mild diarrhoea

ispaghula

34
Q

Polyethylene glycol use and downside

A

osmotic laxative to prevent H2O absorption

doesnt improve discomfort

35
Q

name a guanate cyclase agonist, mechanism and effect

A

linaclotide
increases GMP so increases motility and intestinal secretion
reduces abdominal pain/constipation

36
Q

name a C-2 chloride channel activator, mechanism and effect

A

lubiprostone
increases chloride rich secretion so increased water secretion into bowel
soften stool and improve motility

37
Q

downside to loperamide

A

does not improve pain/bloating

38
Q

what anti-diarrhoeal does improve bowel pain/bloating but what is the downside

A

codeine phosphate

dependence

39
Q

when is surgery in UC indicated

A

medically unresponsive disease
malignancy
growth retardation in children

40
Q

in a proctocolectomy what are the options

A

end ileostomy
ileorectal anastomosis
pouch

41
Q

true/false - pouch is just like a rectum

A

false

42
Q

complications of proctocolostomy with pouch

A 
haemorrhage 
abscess
infection 
anastomotic leak 
impotence 
pouchitis
43
Q

when is a subtotal colectomy usually indicated in UC

A

severe colitis

44
Q

true/false - surgery cures chrons

A

false- but it is the best chrons management

45
Q

surgery for multisite chrons

A

stricturoplasty

46
Q

causes of fistulas

A

Sepsis
Nutrition
Anatomy
Prolonged stay

47
Q

management of fistulas?

A

resect and close secondary organ

stoma if severe

48
Q

mortality of colorectal cancer

A

50% in 5 years

49
Q

what do most colorectal cancers originate from and in what timeframe

A

adenomatous polyps

3-5 years

50
Q

causes of colorectal cancer

A 
genes - rare 
age 
smoking 
high sugar, fat, alcohol, red meat, processed foods 
IBD -UC
low fibre 
lack of physical exercise
51
Q

most colorectal cancers are not genetic, but for the ones that are name 2 common mutations

A

p53

APC - 100% chance getting it

52
Q

in what ways do bowel cancer patients present with bowel cancer

A

bowel screening
urgent referral
emergency

53
Q

following initial diagnosis how would you investigate further

A

biopsy and confirm by histopathology

stage with CT chest/abdo/pelvis OR MRI if rectal

54
Q

what is a right hemicolectomy

A

removal of caecum and ascending colon

55
Q

what is a transverse colectomy

A

removal of transverse colon

56
Q

what is an extended right hemicolectomy

A

removal of caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon

57
Q

what is a sigmoid colectomy

A

removal of sigmoid colon

58
Q

what is an anterior resection

A

resection of diseased part of colon and rectum

59
Q

what is an APR

A

removal of anus and diseased rectum and colon to form colostomy

60
Q

besides cancer what aggressive options may be used to treat colorectal cancer

A

chemotherapy/radiotherapy

61
Q

how would you treat advanced colorectal cancer

A

cancer resection and chemo - colon, lung, liver

HIPEC

62
Q

what palliative support may be offered to patients whos cancer cannot be treated

A

stenting
palliative radiotherapy/chemo
bypass

MB1: Gastrointestinal (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions