infection Flashcards
methods of identifying enterobacteriaceae
blood agar
macconkey agar
chromogenic agar
CLED agar
enterobacteriaceae are gram ____ and ____ ____
negative
facultative anaerobes
what features of enterobacteriaceae cause disease
endotoxin
enterotoxin
fimbriae
flagella
what gram positives are present in the mouth
strep viridans neisseria anaerobes candida stapylococci
what flora are present in the stomach/duodenum
candida and staphylococcus in small numbers, should be sterile
what flora are present in the jejunim
small number of coliforms and anaerobes
what flora are present in the colon
large number coliforms and anaerobes, enterococcus faecalis
what flora are present in the bile ducts
none, they are sterile
4 most common ways of GI infection in community
cross contamination
undercooking
improper storage of food
improper reheating
what toxins does c diff produce
enterotoxin - toxin A
cytotoxin - toxin B
if c diff is normal intestinal flora in the elderly how does it overgrow
antibiotics kill normal bowel flora that compete with c diff
spread of rotavirus
person-person spread
direct, indirect contact
main worry with rotavirus
dehydration, malabsorption
spread of norovirus
droplet and oral-faecal route
how long is norovirus incubation
24 hours
symptoms of norovirus
sudden explosive diarrhoea and vomiting for 2-4 days
how long after symptoms of norovirus end before you can work again
48 hours
how do you prevent spread of diarrhoea causing illness in hospiral
side room for patient admit to ID cohort nursing washing hands PPE
what hepatitis is carried by diarrhoea
hepatitis A and E
how are STIs transmitted in sex
direct inoculation trauma PWID pomites ingestion secretions
STI risk factors
<25 Ethnicity Male-male sex no condom use urban areas past Hx changing partner
are cases of rectal gonorrhoea increasing or decreasing
increasing
transmission of rectal chlamydia and gonorrhoea
direct mucosal contact with infected secretions
what is LGV mee common with
MSM and HIV group sex drug use hep C syphilis
who do you test for LGV
MSM with haemorrhagic proctitis
HIV and MSM with chlamydia
suspicious ulcers with MSM
transmission of HSV, HPV
ano-rectal oro-anal contact
symptoms of HSV anally
painful defecation
ulceration
bleeding
mucus
what is the complication of HPV and the solution for MSM
anal cancer
MSM vaccination
HIV depletes GALT. what does this result in?
opportunistic infection
persistent immune activation
HIV enteropathies
causes of peritonitis
perforated duodenal ulcer, tumour, appendix, diverticulum
define SIRS
non specific clinical response with two or more of temp>38/<36 tachy >90 RR>20 WCC >12000/<4000
define sepsis
SIRS with suspected/known infectious process
define septic shock
sepsis with one or more organ dysfunction
community sources of bacteraemia
ecoli
s aureus
strep pneumoniae
hospital sources of bacteraemia
ecoli s aureus - MRSA enterococci klebsiella pseudomonas
sepsis 6?
oxygen if required monitor urine output check lactate take cultures of blood, urine, wound IV antibiotics IV fluid resus stat
