infection Flashcards

1
Q

methods of identifying enterobacteriaceae

A

blood agar
macconkey agar
chromogenic agar
CLED agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

enterobacteriaceae are gram ____ and ____ ____

A

negative

facultative anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what features of enterobacteriaceae cause disease

A

endotoxin
enterotoxin
fimbriae
flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what gram positives are present in the mouth

A
strep viridans 
neisseria 
anaerobes
candida
stapylococci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what flora are present in the stomach/duodenum

A

candida and staphylococcus in small numbers, should be sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what flora are present in the jejunim

A

small number of coliforms and anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what flora are present in the colon

A

large number coliforms and anaerobes, enterococcus faecalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what flora are present in the bile ducts

A

none, they are sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 most common ways of GI infection in community

A

cross contamination
undercooking
improper storage of food
improper reheating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what toxins does c diff produce

A

enterotoxin - toxin A

cytotoxin - toxin B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

if c diff is normal intestinal flora in the elderly how does it overgrow

A

antibiotics kill normal bowel flora that compete with c diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spread of rotavirus

A

person-person spread

direct, indirect contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

main worry with rotavirus

A

dehydration, malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spread of norovirus

A

droplet and oral-faecal route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how long is norovirus incubation

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

symptoms of norovirus

A

sudden explosive diarrhoea and vomiting for 2-4 days

17
Q

how long after symptoms of norovirus end before you can work again

A

48 hours

18
Q

how do you prevent spread of diarrhoea causing illness in hospiral

A
side room for patient 
admit to ID
cohort nursing 
washing hands 
PPE
19
Q

what hepatitis is carried by diarrhoea

A

hepatitis A and E

20
Q

how are STIs transmitted in sex

A
direct inoculation 
trauma 
PWID
pomites 
ingestion 
secretions
21
Q

STI risk factors

A
<25
Ethnicity 
Male-male sex 
no condom use 
urban areas 
past Hx 
changing partner
22
Q

are cases of rectal gonorrhoea increasing or decreasing

A

increasing

23
Q

transmission of rectal chlamydia and gonorrhoea

A

direct mucosal contact with infected secretions

24
Q

what is LGV mee common with

A
MSM and HIV
group sex
drug use 
hep C
syphilis
25
Q

who do you test for LGV

A

MSM with haemorrhagic proctitis
HIV and MSM with chlamydia
suspicious ulcers with MSM

26
Q

transmission of HSV, HPV

A

ano-rectal oro-anal contact

27
Q

symptoms of HSV anally

A

painful defecation
ulceration
bleeding
mucus

28
Q

what is the complication of HPV and the solution for MSM

A

anal cancer

MSM vaccination

29
Q

HIV depletes GALT. what does this result in?

A

opportunistic infection
persistent immune activation
HIV enteropathies

30
Q

causes of peritonitis

A

perforated duodenal ulcer, tumour, appendix, diverticulum

31
Q

define SIRS

A
non specific clinical response with two or more of 
temp>38/<36
tachy >90
RR>20
WCC >12000/<4000
32
Q

define sepsis

A

SIRS with suspected/known infectious process

33
Q

define septic shock

A

sepsis with one or more organ dysfunction

34
Q

community sources of bacteraemia

A

ecoli
s aureus
strep pneumoniae

35
Q

hospital sources of bacteraemia

A
ecoli 
s aureus - MRSA
enterococci
klebsiella 
pseudomonas
36
Q

sepsis 6?

A
oxygen if required 
monitor urine output 
check lactate 
take cultures of blood, urine, wound 
IV antibiotics 
IV fluid resus stat