Histology Flashcards
name the salivary glands
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
epithelium in oropharynx and laryngopharynx
stratified squamous, keratinised in hard palate and gums
epithelium lining tongue
anterior 2/3 - stratifies squamous
posterior - smooth stratified squamous
describe the structure of the digestive tract
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa
what is contained in the mucosa
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae
the top 1/3rd of the oesophagus is ___ muscle
skeletal
what is the gastro-oesphageal junction
change from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar
gastric pits lined by
mucous glands
what is found in gastric gland
parietal cells - acid
chief cells - enzymes
enteroendocrine cells - hormone
stem cells
why is the muscularis externa in the stomach special?
it has an extra oblique layer of smooth muscle
what is the pyloric sphincter
sphincter between pylorus and duodenum
thickening of smooth muscle
what does the duodenum contain to neutralise chyme
brunners glands
what unique feature does the ileum have
peyer’s patches
what is the function of the lacteal in the vilus
transport of chylomicrons from enterocytes
what is the tenia coli?
longitudinal smooth muscles in 3 strands
what changes occur in the rectoanal junction
non keratinised stratified squamous becomes keratinised at anal canal
where is the myenteric plexus and what does it do?
lies between muscularis externa and controls movement
where is the submucosal plexus and what does it do?
in submucosa and controls secretion
describe a liver lobule
hexagonal collection of hepatocytes with centrolobular vein and portal triad at each corner
what is a sinusoid
space between hepatocytes for blood to flow through
what is a portal triad
branch of hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct and lymphatic vessel
what epithelia do bile ducts have
simple cuboidal - cholangiocytes
what is the perisinusoidal space
space between hepatocytes and epithelial cells
what increases surface area to hepatocytes in perisinusoidal space
microvilli
what do hepatic stellate cells do and where are they found
fibroblasts making connective tissue e
space of disse
what are kupffer cells
macrophages in sinusoids to remove particulate material and sometimes RBC
what does bile contian
water, ions, salts, phospholipids, bilirubin
what is bilirubin
pigment due to Hb breadown that makes faeces brown
what are bili canaliculi
small channels formed by tight junctions
structure of gallbladder
simple columnar cells, lamina propria, smooth muscle, collagenous adventitia
what is the function of the bladder
concentration and storage of bile
what does the pancreas produce
digestive juices, proteases, lipases, nucleases
where do the pancreatic digestive juices enter the duodenm
via pancreatic duct
why are proteases not released into the pancreas in their active form
it would digest the pancreas
what enzyme in the duodenum activates pro-proteases
trypsinogen to trypsin
what do islets of langerhans produce
insulin/glucagon
what is the hepatopancreatic ampulla
main pancreatic duct joining with common bile duct
