Hernia, obstruction and peri-anal disease Flashcards
what is a hernia
protrusion of body cavity contents through weakness in wall of cavity
types of abdominal hernia
epigastric paraumbilical inguinal femoral incisional lumbar parastomal port-site spigelian
classification of hernia
reductible
incarcerated/irreductible
strangulated
what exactly is an epigastric hernia
fascial defect in linea alba between xiphoid process and umbilicus
causes of paraumbilical hernia
pregnancy
morbid obesity
ascites
persistent elevation of intraabdominal pressure
3 coverings of spermatic cord
internal spermatic fascia
cremasteric fascia
external spermatic fascia
6 contents of spermatic cord
vas deferens ilioinguinal nerve 3 arteries pampiform plexus nerves remains of processus vaginalis
hesselbach’s triangle?
inferior epigastric atery
lateral order of rectus muscle
inguinal ligament
what is a direct inguinal hernia
bowel pushes through hesselbachs triangle
what is an indirect hernia
bowel enters inguinal canal and exits other side
how many inguinal hernias are indirect, what side are they common and who does it affect
males 12x more likely
right side
2/3
predisposing factors to incisional hernia
smoking inherited collagen abnormality age morbid obesity malignancy technique in theatre
what are haemorrhoids
enlarged vascular cushions in lower rectum and anal canal
types of rectal prolapse
partial
complete
what is an anal fissure and is it anterior or posterior?
tear in anal margin due to passage of constipated stool
usually posterior
