Large Animal Breeding Soundness Flashcards
inflammatory lesions on the scrotum ______ intra-scrotal temperature
increase
soft, flabby testicles indicate _______
testicular degeneration
hard, noncompliant testicles indicate ______
neoplasia, terminal degeneration
scrotal circumference has positive correlation with ______
sperm production, age of puberty, growth
testicles >50cm cause impaired _______
thermoregulation
during electroejaculation, the tip of the bull penis should pass the ______
xiphoid
when bucks/rams ejaculate into their prepuce the sample becomes contaminated with ______
neutrophils
causes of yellow semen
urination, beta kerotine
individual progressive motility minimum is ____% in controlled, clinic environment
70 (30% in field)
performed on a hanging drop, subjective rating of poor to very good
mass motility
test where sperm are prepared with eosin-nigrosin stain, viewed under light microscopy
sperm morphology
minimum of ___% normal sperm required for satisfactory sperm morphology in the bull
70
young bulls often demonstrate high percentage of sperm with ______, should resolve by 15-18 months
retained PCDs (proximal cytoplasmic droplets)
cows with rusty load should be bred and retested in ______
10-14 days
reportable, venereally transmitted protozoan that occurs primarily in older bulls, may be cleared from younger bulls
tritrich foetus
effects of tritrich foetus infection
early embryonic death
dz of similar epidemiology to trichomoniasis, vax against organism has decreased incidence and need for testing
campylobacter fetus fetus
cause of epididymitis, orchitis and decreased fertility in the ram; transmitted venerally
brucella ovis
testing for brucella ovis in the ram is indicated when ______ is confirmed in the mature ram
leukospermia
breeding soundness implies a buck is capable of impregnating at least _____ does in a ____ day breeding season
30- 32
breeding soundness implies a ram is capable of impregnating at least _____ ewes in a ____ day breeding season
50- 34
erection in the stallion should take
20 (normally
optimal semen collection method in the stallion
AV (never electroejaculation)
once semen is collected, it should not be exposed to ________
oxygen, UV light, temperature changes
normal pH for semen in the horse
7.2-7.9
sperm motility in horses is normally ______%
30-80
normal sperm morphology in horses is _____% normal sperm
30-70
in the horse, normal scrotal width is >____cm
9
most often affected accessory sex gland in the horse
ampullae
the second semen ejaculate in the horse should be collected _____ after the first
one hour
a stallion should be able to service ____ mares naturally or ____ mares by AI in a season
40- 120
a stallion must produce at least ______ progressively motile, morphologically normal sperm in each of two ejaculates
1 billion
