Breeding Soundness 1.2

Question 1

expected pregnancy rate in dogs by natural service

Answer 1

> 75% (typically >90%)

Question 2

expected pregnancy rate in dogs by AI

Answer 2

50-90%

Question 3

testing for antibodies against ______ is a portion of the canine male breeding soundness exam

Answer 3

brucella canis

Question 4

asymmetrical epididymides can indicate _______ in the dog

Answer 4

epididymitis, segmental aplasia

Question 5

testes size in the dog should be roughly correlated with ________

Answer 5

normal body weight for breed

Question 6

testes that are too soft indicate _______

Answer 6

hypoplasia, degeneration

Question 7

testes that are too firm indicate _______

Answer 7

neoplasia, fibrosis

Question 8

proper location of the testes in the male dog

Answer 8

both in scortum, freely movable (one can be slightly cranial to other)

Question 9

in the dog, the prepuce must be retracted to the ______ prior to full engorgement or the penis will become stuck within the prepuce

Answer 9

bulbus glandis

Question 10

stimulated through the prepuce to initiate engorgement of the penis in the male dog

Answer 10

bulbus glandis

Question 11

1st fraction of canine ejaculate

Answer 11

pre-sperm, clear

Question 12

2nd fraction of canine ejaculate

Answer 12

sperm-rich, opaque

Question 13

3rd fraction of canine ejaculate

Answer 13

prostatic, clear

Question 14

superficial infection of the penis

Answer 14

balanitis

Question 15

infection of the penis and prepuce

Answer 15

balanoposthitis

Question 16

in dogs, fraction 2 of the ejaculate should be about _____ mls

Answer 16

0.5-2

Question 17

in dogs, fraction 3 of the ejaculate can be up to _____ mls in large dogs

Answer 17

30

Question 18

in progessive motility tests, canine sperm should swim in a _______

Answer 18

straight line

Question 19

normal progressive motility in the dog shows >____% PM sperm

Answer 19

80

Question 20

a normal semen morphology test shows >____% morphologically normal sperm

Answer 20

70-80

Question 21

stain used to prepare semen morphology exam

Answer 21

eosin-nigrosin (eosin stains sperm head pink if dead when stained)

Question 22

during semen morphology exam, count at least _____ sperm

Answer 22

100

Question 23

during semen morphology exam there should be

Answer 23

20-Oct

Question 24

morphologic abnormality where abnormal sperm are unable to reach the uterine tube or cannot penetrate the oocyte; increased sperm may make up for defects

Answer 24

compensatory

Question 25

morphologic abnormality where sperm are capable of reaching and penetrating oocyte, but embryonic development fails; increased sperm cannot make up for defects

Answer 25

non-compensatory

Question 26

morphologic abnormality where there are primarily functional defects of the acrosome, head and midpiece

Answer 26

major

Question 27

morphologic abnormality where there are defects of the head, midpiece and tail believed not to be so deleterious to fertility

Answer 27

minor

Question 28

morphologic abnormality that originated in the seminiferous tubules; a defect in production/manufacturing

Answer 28

primary

Question 29

morphologic abnormality that originated in the epididymis; a defect in maturation or storage

Answer 29

secondary

Question 30

morphologic abnormality that originated post-ejaculatory or iatrongenically; difficult to differentiate from secondary

Answer 30

tertiary

Question 31

three portions of the normal canine sperm head

Answer 31

acrosome, equitorial region, post-acrosomal region

Question 32

three portions of the normal canine sperm

Answer 32

head, midpiece, tail (with flagella)

Question 33

the midpiece of a canine sperm should have _____ attachment

Answer 33

axial

Question 34

knobbed acrosome, macrocephaly, pyriform head and diadem defect are examples of ______ morphologic defects

Answer 34

primary

Question 35

double sperm, detached abnormal heads, dag defect and tightly coiled tail are examples of _____ morphologic defects

Answer 35

primary

Question 36

effect of retained proximal cytoplasmic droplet on canine sperm

Answer 36

none (bad in other species)

Question 37

retained cytoplasmic droplet is a ______ morphologic defect

Answer 37

primary

Question 38

terminally coiled tail, distal midpiece reflex w/ droplet, bent tail and detached normal head are examples of ______ morphologic defects

Answer 38

secondary

Question 39

erythrocyte contamination of the semen from urethral or cavernosal rent, iatrogenic from bumping penis during collection or benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 39

hemospermia

Question 40

leukocyte conamination of the semen from balanoposthitis, orchitis, epididymitis or prostatitis

Answer 40

leukospermia (pyospermia)

Question 41

number of millions of sperm per mL of sample, determined by counting sperm in counting chamber

Answer 41

concentration

Question 42

total sperm count equation

Answer 42

concentration x volume

Question 43

minimum total sperm count across all breeds

Answer 43

300 million (small standard for medium and large sized dogs)

Question 44

no sperm

Answer 44

azoospermia

Answer 45

oligospermia

Question 46

measuring _____ in a semen sample showing azoospermia can determine if the dog actually ejaculated

Answer 46

ALP

Question 47

ALP _____ U/L is consistent with at least partial emptying of the epididymis and the sample should contain at least some sperm if they were present to be ejaculated

Answer 47

>5000

Question 48

ALP _____ U/L suggests bilateral blockage of sperm outflow from the epididymis

Question 49

if a male dog suffering from compromised fertility does not show improvement after ______, it won't happen

Answer 49

6 months

Question 50

screening test for Brucella canis in dogs

Answer 50

serology (rapid card agglutination test)

Question 51

added to serology test for Brucella canis to eliminate cross-reactivity; if positive, still need a confirming test

Answer 51

2-ME

Question 52

tests used to confirm Brucella canis serology test results

Answer 52

AGID (agar gel immunodiffusion), blood culture (5 tests required, 1/5 positive = positive)