Breeding Soundness 1.2 Flashcards
expected pregnancy rate in dogs by natural service
> 75% (typically >90%)
expected pregnancy rate in dogs by AI
50-90%
testing for antibodies against ______ is a portion of the canine male breeding soundness exam
brucella canis
asymmetrical epididymides can indicate _______ in the dog
epididymitis, segmental aplasia
testes size in the dog should be roughly correlated with ________
normal body weight for breed
testes that are too soft indicate _______
hypoplasia, degeneration
testes that are too firm indicate _______
neoplasia, fibrosis
proper location of the testes in the male dog
both in scortum, freely movable (one can be slightly cranial to other)
in the dog, the prepuce must be retracted to the ______ prior to full engorgement or the penis will become stuck within the prepuce
bulbus glandis
stimulated through the prepuce to initiate engorgement of the penis in the male dog
bulbus glandis
1st fraction of canine ejaculate
pre-sperm, clear
2nd fraction of canine ejaculate
sperm-rich, opaque
3rd fraction of canine ejaculate
prostatic, clear
superficial infection of the penis
balanitis
infection of the penis and prepuce
balanoposthitis
in dogs, fraction 2 of the ejaculate should be about _____ mls
0.5-2
in dogs, fraction 3 of the ejaculate can be up to _____ mls in large dogs
30
in progessive motility tests, canine sperm should swim in a _______
straight line
normal progressive motility in the dog shows >____% PM sperm
80
a normal semen morphology test shows >____% morphologically normal sperm
70-80
stain used to prepare semen morphology exam
eosin-nigrosin (eosin stains sperm head pink if dead when stained)
during semen morphology exam, count at least _____ sperm
100
during semen morphology exam there should be
20-Oct
morphologic abnormality where abnormal sperm are unable to reach the uterine tube or cannot penetrate the oocyte; increased sperm may make up for defects
compensatory
morphologic abnormality where sperm are capable of reaching and penetrating oocyte, but embryonic development fails; increased sperm cannot make up for defects
non-compensatory
morphologic abnormality where there are primarily functional defects of the acrosome, head and midpiece
major
morphologic abnormality where there are defects of the head, midpiece and tail believed not to be so deleterious to fertility
minor
morphologic abnormality that originated in the seminiferous tubules; a defect in production/manufacturing
primary
morphologic abnormality that originated in the epididymis; a defect in maturation or storage
secondary
morphologic abnormality that originated post-ejaculatory or iatrongenically; difficult to differentiate from secondary
tertiary
three portions of the normal canine sperm head
acrosome, equitorial region, post-acrosomal region
three portions of the normal canine sperm
head, midpiece, tail (with flagella)
the midpiece of a canine sperm should have _____ attachment
axial
knobbed acrosome, macrocephaly, pyriform head and diadem defect are examples of ______ morphologic defects
primary
double sperm, detached abnormal heads, dag defect and tightly coiled tail are examples of _____ morphologic defects
primary
effect of retained proximal cytoplasmic droplet on canine sperm
none (bad in other species)
retained cytoplasmic droplet is a ______ morphologic defect
primary
terminally coiled tail, distal midpiece reflex w/ droplet, bent tail and detached normal head are examples of ______ morphologic defects
secondary
erythrocyte contamination of the semen from urethral or cavernosal rent, iatrogenic from bumping penis during collection or benign prostatic hypertrophy
hemospermia
leukocyte conamination of the semen from balanoposthitis, orchitis, epididymitis or prostatitis
leukospermia (pyospermia)
number of millions of sperm per mL of sample, determined by counting sperm in counting chamber
concentration
total sperm count equation
concentration x volume
minimum total sperm count across all breeds
300 million (small standard for medium and large sized dogs)
no sperm
azoospermia
oligospermia
measuring _____ in a semen sample showing azoospermia can determine if the dog actually ejaculated
ALP
ALP _____ U/L is consistent with at least partial emptying of the epididymis and the sample should contain at least some sperm if they were present to be ejaculated
> 5000
ALP _____ U/L suggests bilateral blockage of sperm outflow from the epididymis
if a male dog suffering from compromised fertility does not show improvement after ______, it won’t happen
6 months
screening test for Brucella canis in dogs
serology (rapid card agglutination test)
added to serology test for Brucella canis to eliminate cross-reactivity; if positive, still need a confirming test
2-ME
tests used to confirm Brucella canis serology test results
AGID (agar gel immunodiffusion), blood culture (5 tests required, 1/5 positive = positive)
