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GI > Large and small intestine > Flashcards

Large and small intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, ileum, jejunum

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2
Q

What is the largest part of small inestine?

A

Ileum

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3
Q

Function of intestine:

A

Absorption of nutrients

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4
Q

What increases absorption?

A

microvilli

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5
Q

What is the name of the epithelium that has microvilli on its surface?

A

Brush border

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6
Q

Name the parts of the duodenum

A

1) superior
2)descending
3) inferior
4) ascending

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7
Q

What is the embryological origin of the superior part of the duodenum?

A

foregut

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8
Q

Which three parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal and which part is intraperitoneal?

A

2,3, an4 and 1

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9
Q

What is the anatomy of the superior part of duodenum?

A

gastroduodenal artery and common bile duct lie posterior to duodenal bulb

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10
Q

What is the clinical significance of the superior part?

A

-most common site for duodenal ulcers
-posterior duodenal ulcer may erode the gastroduodenal artery and cause an upper GI bleed; if there’s air
-attached to liver by hepatoduodenal ligament

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11
Q

What is the embryolocial origin of the descending part of duodenum?

A

Proximal to ampulla of vater: foregut
distal to ampulla of vater: midgut

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12
Q

What is the anatomy of the descending part?
(S.A.M.M)

A

-ampulla of vater
-major duodenal papilla: protrusion of the ampulla of vater into the duodenum
-sphincter of oddi
-minor duodenal papilla: opening of the accessory pancreatic duct

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13
Q

What are the clinical significance for the descending part?

A

-the major duodenal papilla is cannulated during ERCP
-ampulla of vater sphincterotomy is performed for impacted distal choledocholithiasis

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14
Q

What is the embryological origin of the inferior ascending part of duodenum?

A

midgut

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15
Q

What is the clinical significance of the inferior part?

A

SMA syndrome- In severe abdominal injuries, this part of the duodenum may be crushed against the L3 vertebra

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16
Q

What is the anatomy of the inferior part?

A

Anterior relation: superior mesenteric vessels
Posterior: aorta

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17
Q

What is the embryological origin of the ascending part of duodenum?

A

midgut

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18
Q

What is the anatomy of the ascending part?

A
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19
Q

What is the clinical significance of the ascending part?

A

Ligament of Treitz landmark of distinction of upper and lower GI tract

20
Q

Where is the common opening for bile and major pancreatice duct?

A

major duodenal papilla

21
Q

Where is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct?

A

minor duodenal papilla

22
Q

If there is a ruptured duodenal ulcer what can be seen on a radiograph and where is the referred pain?

A

Air and Shoulder

23
Q

If there is a ruptured gastric ulcer on lesser curvature of stomach which artery is affected?

A

Left gastric artery

24
Q

If there’s a ruptured posterior duodenal wall ulcer, which artery is affected?

A

gastroduodenal artery

25
Q

What is the venous drainage of the jejunum and ileum?

A

To superior mesenteric vein which joins with splenic vein to form portal vein

26
Q

Where is the location of jejunum and ileum?

A

jejunum: left upper quadrant
ileum: rigt lower quadrant

27
Q

Describe the walls, lumen circular folds and villi of the jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum: walls- thicker, more vascular
lumen-wider, often empty
circular folds- larger, thick and closely set
villi-tall,leaf liike

Ileum: walls-thinner, less vascular
lumen-narrow, often loaded
circular fold-smaller, sparse
villi- short finger like

28
Q

Where are peyer patches found?

A

ileum

29
Q

Fat distribution of jejunum vs ileum

A

jejunum: less
ileum: abundant

30
Q

_____ is the invagination of one part of the intestine into another

A

Intussusception

31
Q

What is a structure that identifies the large intestine?

A

Teniae coli

32
Q

Where is McBurney’s point ,ocated

A

McBurney’spoint: Base of appendix located
here

33
Q

Pain that moves from the umbilical region to the right lower quadrant suggests _____

A

appendicitis

34
Q

What are the parts of large intestine

A

Ascending colon (retroperitoneal): extent –cecum to hepatic flexure
Transverse colon (intraperitoneal) extenthepatic to splenic flexure
Descending colon (retroperitoneal) extentsplenic flexure to left iliac fossa.
Sigmoid colon (intraperitoneal) extent – iliac fossa(S1) to S3 vertebra. Teania coli terminates at recto sigmoid junction

35
Q

Lymphatic drainage of small intestine:

A

Coeliac and superior mesenteric lymph nodes

36
Q

Lymphatic drainage of large intestine:

A

a. Epicolic lymph nodes
b. Paracolic lymph nodes
c. Intermediate nodes
d. Terminal nodes

37
Q

Arterial blood supply to the rectum

A

Superior rectal artery (branch of IMA)
* Middle rectal artery (branch of internal iliac)
* Inferior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal)

38
Q

Venous drainage of rectum

A
  • Superior rectal vein(drains into IMV→Portal system)
  • Middle rectal & inferior rectal veins (drain into internal iliac vein→systemic circulation)
39
Q

What is the epithelium above the pectinate line?

A

simple columnar

40
Q

What is the epithelium below the pectinate line?

A

stratified sqaumous

41
Q

Blood supply to the anus

A

Superior rectal artery –branch of inferior mesenteric artery (above
pectinate line)
* Middle rectal artery –branch of internal iliac artery
* Inferior rectal artery –branch of internal pudendal artery (internal
iliac artery)-supplies the lower part

42
Q

Internal (true) piles/hemorrhoids occurs where?

A

Occurs above the pectinate line
Painless and bleed profusely

43
Q

external (false) piles/hemorrhoids occurs where?

A

Occurs below pectinate line
Very painful with minimal bleeding

44
Q

what are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
(MRI)

A

Middle colic, right colic, and Ileocolic arteries

45
Q

what are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
(LSS)

A

Left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal

GI (12 decks)

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