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GI > Anatomy & histology of oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx & esophagus > Flashcards

Anatomy & histology of oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx & esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oral cavity?

A

where the food is ingested and
prepared for digestion in the stomach & small
intestine

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2
Q

What facilitates the formation of a manageable food
bolus (lump) which can be swallowed?

A

Teeth & Saliva

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3
Q

The lips to oropharyngeal isthmus is what?

A

The extent of the oral cavity

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4
Q

What is the structure of the lips?

A

The orbicularis oris muscle covered by skin and mucus membrane

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5
Q

What opens in the oral vestibule?

A

Parotid gland opens here

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6
Q

Where is the oral cavity located?

A

Opening between the lips & cheek & and teeth and gum

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7
Q

______ is posterior to the upper & lower dental arches

A

Oral cavity proper

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8
Q

Lateral wall is made up of ____ muscle

A

Buccinator

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9
Q

Where does the duct of parotid gland open?

A

Oral vestibule

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10
Q

Name the specific location where the parotid gland opens

A

Opposite upper 2nd molar

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11
Q

Upper lip supplied by ____ nerve

A

Cranial nerve 5 (2)

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12
Q

Cranial nerve 5 (3) supplies ____

A

Lower lip

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13
Q

Oral cavity is supplied by what nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

Name the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve

A

Opthalmic, Mandibular, Maxillary

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15
Q

What is the lymph node of upper and lateral lower lip

A

Submandibular

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16
Q

What is the lymph node for medial lower lip

A

submental

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17
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

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18
Q

Facial nerve, retromandibular vein, and carotid artery are contents of ____

A

Parotid Gland

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19
Q

Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve (CN 7)

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20
Q

What disease can parotid gland problems cause?

A

Mumps

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21
Q

_______ is caused by Mumps

A

Parotiditis

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22
Q

Name the muscle of the parotid gland

A

Masseter muscle

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23
Q

What nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual lymph?

A

Facial nerve

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24
Q

Name the 2 types of palates

A

Soft and hard

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25
Q

Oral cavity communicates with?

A

oropharynx posteriorly

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26
Q

The tongue is the ____.

A

Content of oral cavity

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27
Q

What does the palate form?

A

Roof of oral cavity & floor of nasal cavity

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28
Q

Name the hard palatine formations:

A

1) Palatine plate of maxilla
2) Horizontal plate of palatine bones

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29
Q

Formation of soft palate

A

Palatine aponeurosis covered by mucosa

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30
Q

What is aponeurosis

A

A fleshy like, thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscles to your bones

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31
Q

Location of Uvula

A

Conical process hanging from posterior aspect of soft
palate

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32
Q

What lies in the tonsillar sinus, between the palatoglossal (anteriorly) & palatopharyngeal (posteriorly)?

A

Palatine tonsils

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33
Q

Nerve supply of salivary glands

A

Facial nerve

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34
Q

Name the muscles of the soft palatine and their actions
(Mnemonic: Tarrah Loves Pets Probably More)

A

1) Tensor velli palatini- tensing soft palate and opens mouth of pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning
2) Levator velli palatini- elevation of soft palate during swallowing and yawning
3) Palatoglossus- elevates posterior part of tongue & draws soft palate on tongue
4) Palatophargyngeus- tensing soft palate & pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
5) Musculus uvulae- shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly

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35
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the soft palate?

A

(motor innervation) Pharyngeal plexus - Cranial nerve 10 (2) EXCEPT for tensor velli palatini which is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

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36
Q

What nerve supplies the soft palate?

A

Lesser palatine nerve (CN 5 -2)

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37
Q

Greater palatine nerve (sensory innervation) supplies which palate?

A

Hard palate

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38
Q

Arterial supply of the hard palatine

A

Greater palatine artery

39
Q

Arterial supply of the soft palatine

A

Lesser palatine artery

40
Q

What is gag reflex?

A

When the posterior part of the tongue/mouth is touched

41
Q

What nerve innervates the (sensory) afferent limb for gag reflex?

A

CN 9 (glossophargyngeal nerve- 3rd arch)

42
Q

What nerve innervates the (motor) efferent limb for gag reflex?

A

CN 10 (Vagus nerve)

43
Q

What happens when the pharyngeus plexus (or vagus nerve) is injured?

A

The Uvula would go to the opposite side of the affected nerve. If the vagus nerve is injured on the right side, then the uvula would go to the other side.

44
Q

What causes cleft palate?

A

Failure of lateral wall fusing together, or fusing with nasal septum, or with the posterior margin of the median palatine process

45
Q

What does the body of the tongue consist of?

A

Anterior 2/3

46
Q

What does the root of the tongue consist of?

A

Posterior 1/3

47
Q

_____ separates the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Terminal sulcus

48
Q

Names the types of lingual papillae

A

Foliate, Fungiform, Vallate, Filiform

49
Q

Which lingual papillae does not have taste buds?

A

Filiform

50
Q

Which lingual papillae is found at the tip of the tongue and has beaded like dots on the tongue (can appear red)?

A

Fungiform

51
Q

Which lingual papillae is the largest and where is it located?

A

Vallate
Located in front of sulcus terminalis

52
Q

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue contains _____

A

Lingual tonsil

53
Q

Where does the submandibular glands open?

A

At the base of the frenulum

54
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles
(Mnemonic: Please Start Honoring God)

A

Palatoglossus (only one innervated by Vagus nerve)
Styloglossus, Hyoglossus, Genioglossus

55
Q

Function of extrinsic muscles

A

To help move the tongue

56
Q

Name the intrinsic muscles and give their functions

A

Transverse: narrows and elongates
Superior & Inferior Longitudinal: aids tongue longitudinally, upward and downward
Vertical: flattens & broadens tongue

57
Q

Function of intrinsic muscles

A

To change the shape of tongue

58
Q

Which nerve supplies the extrinsic muscles?

A

Cranial Nerve 12 (hypoglossal nerve)

59
Q

Name the clinical correlate responsible for the tongue leaning to the same side as the paralyzed nerve site

A

Hypoglossal Nerve Paralysis

60
Q

Name the three salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

61
Q

Parotid gland is located between ____, _____, & ____

A

Mandible, styloid process, & mastoid process

62
Q

_____ is derived from the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

A

Parotid sheath

63
Q

What is the importance of not performing vertical incisions of the face?

A

Entire facial nerve may get cut and paralysis will occur

64
Q

Location of Submandibular gland

A

Lies along the body of the mandible

65
Q

Location of Sublingual gland

A

Lies on the floor of mouth between the mandible & genioglossus

66
Q

What type of secretions come from each salivary duct?

A

Parotid: watery
Submandibular: mixed
Sublingual: mucus

67
Q

What nerve supplies the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Facial nerve

68
Q

Which nerve carries impulses to the parotid gland?

A

Auriculotemporal Nerve

69
Q

Define parotidectomy

A

Identification and preservation of the facial nerve

70
Q

What is the extent of the Pharynx?

A

From base of cranium to cricoid cartilage (C6)

71
Q

Name the subdivisions/parts of pharynx and their locations

A

Nasopharynx- behind nose and above palate, Oropharynx- behind the mouth, & Laryngopharynx-behind larynx

72
Q

Oropharynx has a ______ function

A

digestive

73
Q

Name the boundaries of the oropharynx
Mnemonic: Sorry But Paul Passed

A

Soft palate, base of tongue, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeal arches

74
Q

______ tonsils are present in the tonsillar sinus (between palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal arches)

A

Palatine

75
Q

Another name for laryngopahrynx

A

Hypopharynx

76
Q

Extent of laryngopharnyx: Tip of ___ to ____ cartilage

A

Epiglottis & Cricoid

77
Q

What motor nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve (pharyngeal plexus branch)

78
Q

What sensory nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

79
Q

Which muscle of the pharynx is NOT supplied by the vagus nerve? Which nerve supplies that muscle?

A

Stylopharyngeus- supplied by Cranial Nerve 9 (IX)

80
Q

Anterior & superior nasopharynx is supplied by ____

A

Cranial nerve V2 (5)

81
Q

What is the clinical importance of the pharynx and what does it consist of?

A

Pharyngeal tonsillar ring of Waldeyer (helps fight against infections)
Consists of : lingual tonsil, palatine tonsil, tubal tonsil, & pharyngeal tonsil

82
Q

Arterial supply of palatine tonsils:

A

Tonsillar artery (branch of facial
artery)
* Ascending palatine (branch of
facial artery)
* Descending palatine (branch of
maxillary artery)
* Lingual and ascending
pharyngeal arteries (branches of
external carotid artery

83
Q

During tonsillectomy bleeding may occur from injury to _____.

A

EXTERNAL PALATINE VEIN (drains into facial
vein)

84
Q

The esophagus is __ cm.

A

25

85
Q

Extent of Esophagus

A

Pharynx to stomach

86
Q

Upper Esophagus is ____, Lower esophagus is ___, & Middle esophagus is ____.

A

Striated, Smooth, Mixed

87
Q

3 parts of the esophagus

A

Cervical, thorax, abdominal

88
Q

Location of cervical and thoracic divisions of esophagus

A

-Cervical part: In midline- between trachea and cervical vertebra; Left side: thoracic duct
-Thoracic part: This part lies between the two pleural cavities (Space is called mediastinum)

89
Q

Name the 3 types of esophageal constrictors and their locations

A

-cervical/pharyngoesophageal sphincter: 15cm from incisor teeth
-thoracic (broncho-aortic): 1) crossing of aorta (22.5 cm), 2) crossing of left main bronchus (27.5 cm)
-diaphragmatic: passage through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm (40 cm)

90
Q

First constriction found in the ____.

A

cervical/pharyngoesophageal sphincter

91
Q

What is the Most common birth defect of esophagus

A

Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF)

92
Q

In _____, the most common complaint is dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)

A

Esophageal cancer

93
Q

Lower end of esophagus is a site for____.

A

PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT
-Abdominal part drains into portal venous system. Thoracic part drains into systemic venous circulation. When dilated, these veins can form ESOPHAGEAL VARICES (can cause vomiting of blood)

GI (12 decks)

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