Anatomy & histology of oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx & esophagus Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
What is the oral cavity?
A
where the food is ingested and
prepared for digestion in the stomach & small
intestine
2
Q
What facilitates the formation of a manageable food
bolus (lump) which can be swallowed?
A
Teeth & Saliva
3
Q
The lips to oropharyngeal isthmus is what?
A
The extent of the oral cavity
4
Q
What is the structure of the lips?
A
The orbicularis oris muscle covered by skin and mucus membrane
5
Q
What opens in the oral vestibule?
A
Parotid gland opens here
6
Q
Where is the oral cavity located?
A
Opening between the lips & cheek & and teeth and gum
7
Q
______ is posterior to the upper & lower dental arches
A
Oral cavity proper
8
Q
Lateral wall is made up of ____ muscle
A
Buccinator
9
Q
Where does the duct of parotid gland open?
A
Oral vestibule
10
Q
Name the specific location where the parotid gland opens
A
Opposite upper 2nd molar
11
Q
Upper lip supplied by ____ nerve
A
Cranial nerve 5 (2)
12
Q
Cranial nerve 5 (3) supplies ____
A
Lower lip
13
Q
Oral cavity is supplied by what nerve?
A
Trigeminal nerve
14
Q
Name the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve
A
Opthalmic, Mandibular, Maxillary
15
Q
What is the lymph node of upper and lateral lower lip
A
Submandibular
16
Q
What is the lymph node for medial lower lip
A
submental
17
Q
Name the 3 salivary glands
A
parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
18
Q
Facial nerve, retromandibular vein, and carotid artery are contents of ____
A
Parotid Gland
19
Q
Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?
A
Facial nerve (CN 7)
20
Q
What disease can parotid gland problems cause?
A
Mumps
21
Q
_______ is caused by Mumps
A
Parotiditis
22
Q
Name the muscle of the parotid gland
A
Masseter muscle
23
Q
What nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual lymph?
A
Facial nerve
24
Q
Name the 2 types of palates
A
Soft and hard
25
Oral cavity communicates with?
oropharynx posteriorly
26
The tongue is the ____.
Content of oral cavity
27
What does the palate form?
Roof of oral cavity & floor of nasal cavity
28
Name the hard palatine formations:
1) Palatine plate of maxilla
2) Horizontal plate of palatine bones
29
Formation of soft palate
Palatine aponeurosis covered by mucosa
30
What is aponeurosis
A fleshy like, thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscles to your bones
31
Location of Uvula
Conical process hanging from posterior aspect of soft
palate
32
What lies in the tonsillar sinus, between the palatoglossal (anteriorly) & palatopharyngeal (posteriorly)?
Palatine tonsils
33
Nerve supply of salivary glands
Facial nerve
34
Name the muscles of the soft palatine and their actions
(Mnemonic: Tarrah Loves Pets Probably More)
1) Tensor velli palatini- tensing soft palate and opens mouth of pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning
2) Levator velli palatini- elevation of soft palate during swallowing and yawning
3) Palatoglossus- elevates posterior part of tongue & draws soft palate on tongue
4) Palatophargyngeus- tensing soft palate & pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
5) Musculus uvulae- shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly
35
What nerve supplies the muscles of the soft palate?
(motor innervation) Pharyngeal plexus - Cranial nerve 10 (2) EXCEPT for tensor velli palatini which is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
36
What nerve supplies the soft palate?
Lesser palatine nerve (CN 5 -2)
37
Greater palatine nerve (sensory innervation) supplies which palate?
Hard palate
38
Arterial supply of the hard palatine
Greater palatine artery
39
Arterial supply of the soft palatine
Lesser palatine artery
40
What is gag reflex?
When the posterior part of the tongue/mouth is touched
41
What nerve innervates the (sensory) afferent limb for gag reflex?
CN 9 (glossophargyngeal nerve- 3rd arch)
42
What nerve innervates the (motor) efferent limb for gag reflex?
CN 10 (Vagus nerve)
43
What happens when the pharyngeus plexus (or vagus nerve) is injured?
The Uvula would go to the opposite side of the affected nerve. If the vagus nerve is injured on the right side, then the uvula would go to the other side.
44
What causes cleft palate?
Failure of lateral wall fusing together, or fusing with nasal septum, or with the posterior margin of the median palatine process
45
What does the body of the tongue consist of?
Anterior 2/3
46
What does the root of the tongue consist of?
Posterior 1/3
47
_____ separates the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Terminal sulcus
48
Names the types of lingual papillae
Foliate, Fungiform, Vallate, Filiform
49
Which lingual papillae does not have taste buds?
Filiform
50
Which lingual papillae is found at the tip of the tongue and has beaded like dots on the tongue (can appear red)?
Fungiform
51
Which lingual papillae is the largest and where is it located?
Vallate
Located in front of sulcus terminalis
52
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue contains _____
Lingual tonsil
53
Where does the submandibular glands open?
At the base of the frenulum
54
Name the extrinsic muscles
(Mnemonic: Please Start Honoring God)
Palatoglossus (only one innervated by Vagus nerve)
Styloglossus, Hyoglossus, Genioglossus
55
Function of extrinsic muscles
To help move the tongue
56
Name the intrinsic muscles and give their functions
Transverse: narrows and elongates
Superior & Inferior Longitudinal: aids tongue longitudinally, upward and downward
Vertical: flattens & broadens tongue
57
Function of intrinsic muscles
To change the shape of tongue
58
Which nerve supplies the extrinsic muscles?
Cranial Nerve 12 (hypoglossal nerve)
59
Name the clinical correlate responsible for the tongue leaning to the same side as the paralyzed nerve site
Hypoglossal Nerve Paralysis
60
Name the three salivary glands
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
61
Parotid gland is located between ____, _____, & ____
Mandible, styloid process, & mastoid process
62
_____ is derived from the investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Parotid sheath
63
What is the importance of not performing vertical incisions of the face?
Entire facial nerve may get cut and paralysis will occur
64
Location of Submandibular gland
Lies along the body of the mandible
65
Location of Sublingual gland
Lies on the floor of mouth between the mandible & genioglossus
66
What type of secretions come from each salivary duct?
Parotid: watery
Submandibular: mixed
Sublingual: mucus
67
What nerve supplies the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Facial nerve
68
Which nerve carries impulses to the parotid gland?
Auriculotemporal Nerve
69
Define parotidectomy
Identification and preservation of the facial nerve
70
What is the extent of the Pharynx?
From base of cranium to cricoid cartilage (C6)
71
Name the subdivisions/parts of pharynx and their locations
Nasopharynx- behind nose and above palate, Oropharynx- behind the mouth, & Laryngopharynx-behind larynx
72
Oropharynx has a ______ function
digestive
73
Name the boundaries of the oropharynx
Mnemonic: Sorry But Paul Passed
Soft palate, base of tongue, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeal arches
74
______ tonsils are present in the tonsillar sinus (between palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal arches)
Palatine
75
Another name for laryngopahrynx
Hypopharynx
76
Extent of laryngopharnyx: Tip of ___ to ____ cartilage
Epiglottis & Cricoid
77
What motor nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?
Vagus nerve (pharyngeal plexus branch)
78
What sensory nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
79
Which muscle of the pharynx is NOT supplied by the vagus nerve? Which nerve supplies that muscle?
Stylopharyngeus- supplied by Cranial Nerve 9 (IX)
80
Anterior & superior nasopharynx is supplied by ____
Cranial nerve V2 (5)
81
What is the clinical importance of the pharynx and what does it consist of?
Pharyngeal tonsillar ring of Waldeyer (helps fight against infections)
Consists of : lingual tonsil, palatine tonsil, tubal tonsil, & pharyngeal tonsil
82
Arterial supply of palatine tonsils:
Tonsillar artery (branch of facial
artery)
* Ascending palatine (branch of
facial artery)
* Descending palatine (branch of
maxillary artery)
* Lingual and ascending
pharyngeal arteries (branches of
external carotid artery
83
During tonsillectomy bleeding may occur from injury to _____.
EXTERNAL PALATINE VEIN (drains into facial
vein)
84
The esophagus is __ cm.
25
85
Extent of Esophagus
Pharynx to stomach
86
Upper Esophagus is ____, Lower esophagus is ___, & Middle esophagus is ____.
Striated, Smooth, Mixed
87
3 parts of the esophagus
Cervical, thorax, abdominal
88
Location of cervical and thoracic divisions of esophagus
-Cervical part: In midline- between trachea and cervical vertebra; Left side: thoracic duct
-Thoracic part: This part lies between the two pleural cavities (Space is called mediastinum)
89
Name the 3 types of esophageal constrictors and their locations
-cervical/pharyngoesophageal sphincter: 15cm from incisor teeth
-thoracic (broncho-aortic): 1) crossing of aorta (22.5 cm), 2) crossing of left main bronchus (27.5 cm)
-diaphragmatic: passage through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm (40 cm)
90
First constriction found in the ____.
cervical/pharyngoesophageal sphincter
91
What is the Most common birth defect of esophagus
Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF)
92
In _____, the most common complaint is dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
Esophageal cancer
93
Lower end of esophagus is a site for____.
PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT
-Abdominal part drains into portal venous system. Thoracic part drains into systemic venous circulation. When dilated, these veins can form ESOPHAGEAL VARICES (can cause vomiting of blood)
