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GI > Anterior and posterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

Anterior and posterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the anteroabdominal wall?

A

Urogenital, alimentary, peritoneal

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2
Q

Name (in correct order) the layers of the abdominal wall

A

Skin
Superficial fascia (Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia)
Muscles (EO, IO, TA) and aponeurosis
Deep fascia/ Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fascia
Parietal peritoneum

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3
Q

Scarpa’s fascia continues as ____ in the perineum and forms the dartos

A

Colle’s fascia

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4
Q

What is dartos muscle?

A

It is a muscle that covers the scrotum and the penis

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5
Q

What does the external abdominal oblique contain?

A

Inguinal ligament, superficial inguinal ring, external spermatic fascia

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6
Q

What does the internal abdominal oblique form?

A

-Cremasteric muscle and fascia
-joins with transverse abdominus to form a co-joint tendon

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7
Q

What does the transverse abdominus form?

A

co-join tendon

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8
Q

What doesn’t the transverse abdominus form?

A

Spermatic fascia

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9
Q

What does the transversalis fascia form?

A

-Deep inguinal ring
-Internal spermatic fascia

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10
Q

What develops in the extraperitoneal fascia?

A

Gonads

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11
Q

(high yield) What forms in the parietal peritoneum?

A

Processus Vaginalis

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12
Q

What are the three flat muscles?

A

External oblique, Internal oblique, transverse abdominus

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13
Q

What are the two longitudinal muscles?

A

Rectus abdominus and Pyramidalis

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14
Q

_____ and _____ are the surface regions of the abdomen

A

Linea alba and Linea semilunar

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15
Q

What are the contents of the rectus sheath?

A

Rectus abdominus and Pyramidalis

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16
Q

What forms the rectus sheath?

A

The flat abdominal muscles (EO, IO, TA)

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17
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

Anterior layer: EO aponeurosis + anterior lamina of IO

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18
Q

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

Posterior layer: Posterior lamina of IO + TA

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19
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

A

Anterior layer: Aponeuroses of all 3 muscles (EO+ IO+ TA)

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20
Q

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

A

Posterior layer: Transversalis fascia

21
Q

What arteries, veins and lymphatics supply the rectus sheath?

A

Superior and inferior epigastric

22
Q

What nerves supply the rectus sheath?

A

T7-T12

23
Q

Name the commonly used abdominal incisions

A

Median/midline
Left paramedian
Suprapubic
Subcostal
Transverse
Gridiron

24
Q

What is an incision hernia?

A

Protrusion of omentum/ organ through a surgical incision/ scar

25
Q

Name six common causes for abdominal distension

A

Food, Fat, Fluid, Fetus, Flatus, Feces

26
Q

What is the nerve supply of the abdominal wall above the umbilical and what does it supply?

A

T7-T9 (IO and TA)
Supplies: muscles, skin, and parietal peritoneum

27
Q

What is the nerve supply of the abdominal wall around the umbilical?

A

T10

28
Q

What is the nerve supply of the abdominal wall directly below the umbilical region?

A

T-11

29
Q

What does the T12 nerve supply?

A

Pyramidilis (after the 12th rib cage, under costae)

30
Q

What is cremasteric reflex?

A

Stroking skin on medial side of a young male’s thigh results in elevation of testis

31
Q

The _____ nerve supplies the afferent limb of the cremasteric muscle

A

Ilioinguinal Nerve

32
Q

The _____ nerve supplies the efferent limb of the cremasteric muscle

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

33
Q

What nerve root is involved in the cremasteric muscle?

A

L1

34
Q

Which two nerves branch from the L1 spinal nerve ?

A

Ilioinguinal & Iliohypogastric

35
Q

Which vein anastomoses between superficial epigastric (femoral) vein and lateral thoracic (axillary) veins?

A

Thoraco-epigastric vein

36
Q

Appendicitis occurs at ___ nerve

A

T10

37
Q

Superficial lymphatics above umbilicus drain to _______

A

axillary lymph nodes

38
Q

Which artery is the direct communication of the internal thoracic artery and what does it supply?

A

Superior epigastric artery and it supplies the upper part of the rectus abdominus

39
Q

Which artery does the superior epigastric artery anastomose with?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

40
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery arise from?

A

The internal iliac artery deep to the inguinal ligament

41
Q

What happens when the inferior vena cava is blocked?

A

The anastomosis between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries provides a pathway for blood to return to the heart via superior vena cava

42
Q

Superficial Lymphatics below umbilicus drain to ______.

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

43
Q

What are the 3 places that the deep lymphatics drain into?

A

external and internal iliac lymph nodes and the lumbar lymph nodes

44
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord in males
Round ligament of uterus in females
blood and lymphatics vessels
ilioinguinal nerve

45
Q

What is variocele?

A

When the pampiniform plexus dilates too much

46
Q

What is hydrocele?

A

Fluid build up in processus vaginalis

47
Q

What is hemocele?

A

Blood in processus vaginalis

48
Q

What is the most common inguinal hernia?

A

Indirect hernia

GI (12 decks)

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