Anterior and posterior abdominal wall

Question 1

What are the contents of the anteroabdominal wall?

Answer 1

Urogenital, alimentary, peritoneal

Question 2

Name (in correct order) the layers of the abdominal wall

Answer 2

Skin
Superficial fascia (Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia)
Muscles (EO, IO, TA) and aponeurosis
Deep fascia/ Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fascia
Parietal peritoneum

Question 3

Scarpa’s fascia continues as ____ in the perineum and forms the dartos

Answer 3

Colle’s fascia

Question 4

What is dartos muscle?

Answer 4

It is a muscle that covers the scrotum and the penis

Question 5

What does the external abdominal oblique contain?

Answer 5

Inguinal ligament, superficial inguinal ring, external spermatic fascia

Question 6

What does the internal abdominal oblique form?

Answer 6

-Cremasteric muscle and fascia
-joins with transverse abdominus to form a co-joint tendon

Question 7

What does the transverse abdominus form?

Answer 7

co-join tendon

Question 8

What doesn’t the transverse abdominus form?

Answer 8

Spermatic fascia

Question 9

What does the transversalis fascia form?

Answer 9

-Deep inguinal ring
-Internal spermatic fascia

Question 10

What develops in the extraperitoneal fascia?

Answer 10

Gonads

Question 11

(high yield) What forms in the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 11

Processus Vaginalis

Question 12

What are the three flat muscles?

Answer 12

External oblique, Internal oblique, transverse abdominus

Question 13

What are the two longitudinal muscles?

Answer 13

Rectus abdominus and Pyramidalis

Question 14

_____ and _____ are the surface regions of the abdomen

Answer 14

Linea alba and Linea semilunar

Question 15

What are the contents of the rectus sheath?

Answer 15

Rectus abdominus and Pyramidalis

Question 16

What forms the rectus sheath?

Answer 16

The flat abdominal muscles (EO, IO, TA)

Question 17

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

Answer 17

Anterior layer: EO aponeurosis + anterior lamina of IO

Question 18

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

Answer 18

Posterior layer: Posterior lamina of IO + TA

Question 19

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

Answer 19

Anterior layer: Aponeuroses of all 3 muscles (EO+ IO+ TA)

Question 20

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

Answer 20

Posterior layer: Transversalis fascia

Question 21

What arteries, veins and lymphatics supply the rectus sheath?

Answer 21

Superior and inferior epigastric

Question 22

What nerves supply the rectus sheath?

Answer 22

T7-T12

Question 23

Name the commonly used abdominal incisions

Answer 23

Median/midline
Left paramedian
Suprapubic
Subcostal
Transverse
Gridiron

Question 24

What is an incision hernia?

Answer 24

Protrusion of omentum/ organ through a surgical incision/ scar

Question 25

Name six common causes for abdominal distension

Answer 25

Food, Fat, Fluid, Fetus, Flatus, Feces

Question 26

What is the nerve supply of the abdominal wall above the umbilical and what does it supply?

Answer 26

T7-T9 (IO and TA) Supplies: muscles, skin, and parietal peritoneum

Question 27

What is the nerve supply of the abdominal wall around the umbilical?

Answer 27

T10

Question 28

What is the nerve supply of the abdominal wall directly below the umbilical region?

Answer 28

T-11

Question 29

What does the T12 nerve supply?

Answer 29

Pyramidilis (after the 12th rib cage, under costae)

Question 30

What is cremasteric reflex?

Answer 30

Stroking skin on medial side of a young male’s thigh results in elevation of testis

Question 31

The _____ nerve supplies the afferent limb of the cremasteric muscle

Answer 31

Ilioinguinal Nerve

Question 32

The _____ nerve supplies the efferent limb of the cremasteric muscle

Answer 32

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 33

What nerve root is involved in the cremasteric muscle?

Answer 33

L1

Question 34

Which two nerves branch from the L1 spinal nerve ?

Answer 34

Ilioinguinal & Iliohypogastric

Question 35

Which vein anastomoses between superficial epigastric (femoral) vein and lateral thoracic (axillary) veins?

Answer 35

Thoraco-epigastric vein

Question 36

Appendicitis occurs at ___ nerve

Answer 36

T10

Question 37

Superficial lymphatics above umbilicus drain to _______

Answer 37

axillary lymph nodes

Question 38

Which artery is the direct communication of the internal thoracic artery and what does it supply?

Answer 38

Superior epigastric artery and it supplies the upper part of the rectus abdominus

Question 39

Which artery does the superior epigastric artery anastomose with?

Answer 39

Inferior epigastric artery

Question 40

Where does the inferior epigastric artery arise from?

Answer 40

The internal iliac artery deep to the inguinal ligament

Question 41

What happens when the inferior vena cava is blocked?

Answer 41

The anastomosis between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries provides a pathway for blood to return to the heart via superior vena cava

Question 42

Superficial Lymphatics below umbilicus drain to ______.

Answer 42

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 43

What are the 3 places that the deep lymphatics drain into?

Answer 43

external and internal iliac lymph nodes and the lumbar lymph nodes

Question 44

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

Answer 44

Spermatic cord in males Round ligament of uterus in females blood and lymphatics vessels ilioinguinal nerve

Question 45

What is variocele?

Answer 45

When the pampiniform plexus dilates too much

Question 46

What is hydrocele?

Answer 46

Fluid build up in processus vaginalis

Question 47

What is hemocele?

Answer 47

Blood in processus vaginalis

Question 48

What is the most common inguinal hernia?

Answer 48

Indirect hernia