Language of Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomical terms
- Root
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
They describe the roots.
prefixes and suffixes
It often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition.
root
These describe the different parts of the body by the structures and functions of a specific region.
regional terms
The Regional terms
- The Axial Region
2. The Appendicular Region
It makes up the main axis of the human body and includes the head, neck, chest, and trunk.
The Axial Region
It makes up the parts of the human body that connect to the axial region. This includes the limbs and appendages.
The Appendicular Region
Is formed by the connection of the dorsal and ventral points of a region. The region between the belly (ventral) and back (dorsal) is often described by this.
Dorsoventral axis (DV axis)
Refers to the axis connecting the left and right hand sides of a region. It is used to describe the lateral sides of a region, which in humans are often symmetrical around the center of the body.
left-to-right axis
True or False. The left-to-right axis is perpendicular to both the DV and AP axes.
True
It is the axis formed by the connection of the anterior (top) and posterior (bottom)ends of a region.
Anterioposterior axis (AP axis)
True or False. The AP axis of a region is by definition around 90 degrees to the DV axis and vice-versa.
False. PERPENDICULAR
Body Planes and Sections
- Coronal plane
- Transverse plane
- Sagittal plane
This pertains to any vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior (belly and back) sections.
Coronal plane
It is any plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts, roughly perpendicular to the spine.
Transverse plane
Refers to any imaginary plane parallel to the medianplane.
Sagittal plane
Body cavities
- Dorsal body cavity
a. Cranial cavity
b. Vertebral cavity - Ventral body cavity
a. Thoracic cavity
i. Superiormediastinum
ii. Pleural cavity
iii. Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum
iv. Diaphragm
b. Abdominopelvic cavity
i. Abdominal cavity
ii. Pelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic Regions
- Right hypochondriac region
- Right lumbar region
- Right iliac region
- Epigastric region
- Umbilical region
- Hypogastric region
- Left hypochondriac region
- Left lumbar region
- Left iliac region
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
- Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
- Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
- Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
- Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Directional terms
- Superior or cranial
- Inferior or caudal
- Anterior or ventral
- Posterior or dorsal
- Medial
- Lateral
- Proximal
- Distal
- Deep
- Superficial
A directional term meaning toward the head end of the body; upper.
Superior or cranial
example, the hand is part of the superior extremity
A directional term meaning away from the head; lower.
Inferior or caudal
example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity
A directional term meaning front.
Anterior or ventral
example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg
A directional term meaning back.
Posterior or dorsal
example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body
A directional term meaning toward the midline of the body.
Medial
example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot
A directional term meaning away from the midline of the body.
Lateral
example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot
A directional term meaning toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part.
Proximal
example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone
A directional term meaning away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part.
Distal
example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm
________ refers to structures closer to the interior center of the body.
Deep
For example, bones in an appendage are located deeper than the muscles
________ is used to describe structures that are
closer to the exterior surface of the body.
Superficial
For example, the outer layers of skin are superficial to
deeper layers of skin
