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Anatomy and Physiology > History of Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

History of Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

In what period is science the art of killing and not healing?

A

Before Christ (BC)

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2
Q

True or False. In primitive times, people believed that illness and diseases were a punishment from the Gods.

A

True

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3
Q

True or False. In primitive times, the first physicians were witch doctors who treated illness with ceremonies.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False. In primitive times, herbs and plants were 1st pharmaceuticals.

A

True

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5
Q

_______ was the first surgeries in primitive era, in which a hole is cut through the skull to release demons.

A

trepanation

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6
Q

True or False. In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, people wrote prescriptions on thin papers.

A

False. Papyrus

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7
Q

True or False. In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, priests hire physicians.

A

False. Physicians ARE priests

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8
Q

True or False. In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, temples were used as places of worships, medical schools, and hospitals.

A

True

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9
Q

In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, _______ would be use for bloodletting (draining human blood).

A

Leeches

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10
Q

True or False. In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, leeches that were used for bloodletting were painful.

A

False. DOES NOT hurt because their saliva contains a natural anesthetic.

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11
Q

They were the first to keep accurate health records.

A

Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC

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12
Q

In China: 2700 BC - 2600, it is the first anatomy book.

A

Neiching

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13
Q

True or False. In China: 2700 BC - 2600, religion prohibited dissection.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False. In China: 2700 BC - 2600, recorded a _______ of medications based on herbs

A

pharmacopoeia

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15
Q

True or False. In China: 2700 BC - 2600, religion prohibited acupuncture.

A

False. Therapies included acupuncture

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16
Q

What is the “Father of Indian Surgery” in India: 1000 BC

A

Sushruta

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17
Q

True or False. In India: 1000 BC, Dhanvantri system of ayurvedic medicine.

A

True

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18
Q

True or False. In Greece: 1200BC – 200BC, they believed illness is a result of natural causes.

A

True

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19
Q

They were the first to attempt to study objectively the human body.

A

Greece: 1200BC – 200BC

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20
Q

Regarded as the “Father of Medicine”; first to attempt to separate the practice of medicine from religion and superstition.

A

Hippocrates

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21
Q

He named different arteries and veins and thought arteries contained air and veins carried blood.

A

Aristotle

22
Q

Known as the “Father of Anatomy”; encouraged the use of dissection in the study of anatomy and identified heart as the origin of the human pulse.

A

Herophilus

23
Q

He believed that the heart is the center for intelligence and emotions.

A

Aristotle

24
Q

Notion of the Four Humors

A
  1. Blood was thought to come from the heart
  2. Phlegm from the brain
  3. Yellow bile from the liver
  4. Black bile from the spleen
25
Q

Temperaments: (Hippocrates)

A 
1. sanguine (pleasure-seeking and
sociable)
2. choleric (ambitious and leader-like)
3. melancholic (introverted and
thoughtful)
4. phlegmatic (relaxed and quiet).
26
Q

True or False. In Rome, Italy: 129 – 201AD, it was proven that arteries carried blood and not air but never thought of pulmonary circulation.

A

True

27
Q

They believed that blood originated in the liver and flowed outwards to form the flesh.

A

Rome, Italy: 129 – 201AD

28
Q

True or False. In the Dark Ages, medicine was practiced only in monasteries and convents.

A

True

29
Q

Sanitation was forgotten in this period and resulted in the spread of serious communicable
diseases

A

Dark Ages

30
Q

It is called the bubonic plague.

A

The Black Death

31
Q

From the fall of Rome until the European Renaissance of the 15th century, the _______ was the
center of medical knowledge.

A

Islamic world

32
Q

The period wherein stigma attached to dissection of the dead was overcome, allowing advancement of knowledge in anatomy and physiology.

A

Renaissance Period

33
Q

The greatest anatomist of his time (renaissance period).

A

Leonardo da Vinci

34
Q

Who was regarded with the folllowing?

  1. Father of modern anatomy
  2. Greatest anatomist
  3. Discarded all previous theories
  4. “De humani corporis fabrica”
A

Andreas Vesalius

35
Q

Showed that the heart is a double pump and how blood actually circulates.

A

William Harvey

36
Q

William Harvey’s “De Motu Cordis” means?

A

on the motion of heart and blood

37
Q

They own a lodging house and if there is an old or sick person come they kill them and sold the dead body to an anatomist or medical school.

A

Hare and Burke

38
Q

Period wherein there were many body snatchers.

A

1750-1832AD

39
Q

Who is this scientist?

  1. Father of Genetics
  2. Austrian monk and Biologist
  3. work in heredity become the basis of the modern theory of genetics
A

Gregor Mendel

40
Q

He proposed the Theory of Evolution: “All species of life have descended over time from common ancestors.”

A

Charles Darwin

41
Q

Who is this scientist?

  1. Invented X-Ray
  2. 1st Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901
A

Wilhelm Von Roentgen

42
Q

Discovered the double helical structure of the DNA molecules

A

Watson and Crick

43
Q

The _______________ were the first healers within the tribal communities of ancient
Philippines.

A

Philippine shamans or babaylans

44
Q

10 - categories of folk doctors in the Philippines:

A
  1. the babaylan (“religious leader”),
  2. the albularyo,
  3. the manghihilot or hilot (the traditional “massage therapists”),
  4. the magpapaanak (the traditional “midwife”, also sometimes called a hilot),
  5. the mangluluop,
  6. the manghihila,
  7. the mangtatawas,
  8. the mediko,
  9. the faith healer,
  10. the local shaman healers (such as those that are from the Cordilleras).
45
Q

Tools that improve the study of Anatomy and Physiology

A
  1. TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope)
  2. X-RAY
  3. CAT or CT-Scan (Computed Axial Tomography)
  4. PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
  5. Endoscopy
46
Q

Improved microscopy

A

TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope)

47
Q

Important tool in viewing hard organs such as bones

A

X-RAY

48
Q

Converts x-rays to digital info and is better for soft tissue.

A

CAT or CT-Scan (Computed Axial Tomography)

49
Q

Radioactive substances are injected and detected

through its emitted radiation and can different cancer and normal soft tissues.

A

PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

50
Q

Aid in operation with minor incision

A

Endoscopy

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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