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Anatomy and Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Integumentary System

A
  1. Protection
  2. Aids in body heat loss or heat retention
  3. Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
  4. Synthesizes vitamin D (metabolism)
  5. Sense Organ
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2
Q

5 layers of the epidermis

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
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3
Q

Cells of the epidermis

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Dendritic cells
  4. Tactile (Merkel) Cells
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4
Q

The following describe what layer of the epidermis?

– Stratum germinativum
– Mitosis is active
– Defensins are produces
– Active in vitamin Dproduction

A

Stratum Basale

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5
Q

The following describe what layer of the epidermis?

Cells contain thick bundle of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin.

A

Stratum spinosum

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6
Q

The following describe what layer of the epidermis?

Cells are flattened, organelles are deteriorating; cytoplasm full of granules.

A

Stratum granulosum

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7
Q

The following describe what layer of the epidermis?

Cells are dead; represented only by flat membranous sacs of keratin. Glycolipids in extracellular space.

A

Stratum Corneum

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8
Q

The following describe ________.

– Yellow-brown-black
– Produced by melanocytes found in stratum basale
– Transported to keratinocytes for protection

A

Melanin

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9
Q

________ are triggered (through a hormone MSH).

A

Melanocytes

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10
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A
  1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

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11
Q

It is the most superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue; with abundant capillary networks.

A

Papillary layer

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12
Q

It is the deepest skin layer made of dense irregular connective tissue.

A

Reticular layer

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13
Q

What do you call the uneven, fingerlike projections from the papillary layer’s superior surface?

A

dermal papillae

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14
Q

True or False. Pain and touch receptors are found in the papillary layer.

A

True

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15
Q 
True or False. The reticular layer contains many arteries and veins, sweat and sebaceous glands, and
pressure receptors (e.g. lamellar corpuscles).
A

True

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16
Q

It is a pigment responsible for the skin color.

A

Melanin

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17
Q

2 types of melanin

A
  1. Eumelanin

2. Phomelanin

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18
Q

What melanin comes in brown and black?

A

Eumelanin

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19
Q

What melanin varies from yellow to red in color?

A

Phomelanin

20
Q

Homeostatic Imbalance

A
  1. Redness or Erythema
  2. Pallor or blanching
  3. Jaundice
  4. Bruises or black-and-blue marks
21
Q

3 Skin Appendages

A
  1. Cutaneous glands
  2. Hair and hair follicles
  3. Nails
22
Q

2 Cutaneous glands

A
  1. Sebaceous Glands Sebum

2. Sweat Glands/ Sudoriferous Gland

23
Q

It makes skin soft and moist and prevents hair from becoming brittle.

A

Sebaceous Glands Sebum

24
Q

Sudor means _____

A

sweat

25
Q

2 Sweat Glands/ Sudoriferous Gland

A
  1. Eccrine

2. Apocrine

26
Q

It produce clear perspiration.

A

Eccrine

27
Q

This is found predominantly in the axillary and genital areas.

A

Apocrine

28
Q

True or False. Apocrine sweat glands are mostly found in the armpit and anogenital regions.

A

True

29
Q

What sweat gland is most abundant in palms, soles and forehead?

A

Eccrine

30
Q

Skin Infections and Allergies

A
  1. Athlete’s foot
  2. Boils and carbuncles
  3. Cold sores
  4. Impetigo
  5. Psoriasis
  6. Skin cancer
31
Q

Also called tinea pedis.

A

Athlete’s foot

32
Q

Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, common on the dorsal neck.

A

Boils

33
Q

Characterized by small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by a herpes simplex infection.

A

Cold sores

34
Q

Caused by a highly contagious Staphylococcus

infection.

A

Impetigo

35
Q

It is a chronic condition, characterized by overproduction of skin cells that results in reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed.

A

Psoriasis

36
Q

________ are composite boils typically caused by bacterial infection (often Staphylococcus aureus).

A

Carbuncles

37
Q

Causes of Cancer

A
  1. infections
  2. chemicals
  3. physical trauma
38
Q

Different cases of Skin Cancer

A
  1. Basal Carcinoma
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  3. Malignant carcinoma
39
Q

A case of skin cancer wherein cells of the stratum basale are altered so that they cannot form keratin, no longer honor the boundary between epidermis and dermis.

A

Basal Carcinoma

40
Q

Happens in the region of stratum spinosum and appears most often on the scalp, ears, dorsum of the hands, and lower lip.

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

41
Q

Aka Cancer of melanocytes ; appears as spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes rapidly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels.

A

Malignant carcinoma

42
Q

Malignant Melanoma ABCD Rule

A 
Asymmetry
Border
Color 
Diameter
Evolving
43
Q

What Malignant Melanoma ABCD Rule is described?

One half is different from the other.

A

Asymmetry

44
Q

What Malignant Melanoma ABCD Rule is described?

It is irregular notched and blurry

A

Border

45
Q

What Malignant Melanoma ABCD Rule is described?

Larger than 6mm or 1/4 inch.

A

Diameter

46
Q

True or False. A Malignant Melanoma is either brown or black in color.

A

False. It has MORE THAN ONE.

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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