Integumentary System Flashcards
Functions of the Integumentary System
- Protection
- Aids in body heat loss or heat retention
- Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
- Synthesizes vitamin D (metabolism)
- Sense Organ
5 layers of the epidermis
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
Cells of the epidermis
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Dendritic cells
- Tactile (Merkel) Cells
The following describe what layer of the epidermis?
– Stratum germinativum
– Mitosis is active
– Defensins are produces
– Active in vitamin Dproduction
Stratum Basale
The following describe what layer of the epidermis?
Cells contain thick bundle of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin.
Stratum spinosum
The following describe what layer of the epidermis?
Cells are flattened, organelles are deteriorating; cytoplasm full of granules.
Stratum granulosum
The following describe what layer of the epidermis?
Cells are dead; represented only by flat membranous sacs of keratin. Glycolipids in extracellular space.
Stratum Corneum
The following describe ________.
– Yellow-brown-black
– Produced by melanocytes found in stratum basale
– Transported to keratinocytes for protection
Melanin
________ are triggered (through a hormone MSH).
Melanocytes
2 layers of the dermis
- Papillary layer
2. Reticular layer
It is the most superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue; with abundant capillary networks.
Papillary layer
It is the deepest skin layer made of dense irregular connective tissue.
Reticular layer
What do you call the uneven, fingerlike projections from the papillary layer’s superior surface?
dermal papillae
True or False. Pain and touch receptors are found in the papillary layer.
True
True or False. The reticular layer contains many arteries and veins, sweat and sebaceous glands, and pressure receptors (e.g. lamellar corpuscles).
True
It is a pigment responsible for the skin color.
Melanin
2 types of melanin
- Eumelanin
2. Phomelanin
What melanin comes in brown and black?
Eumelanin
What melanin varies from yellow to red in color?
Phomelanin
Homeostatic Imbalance
- Redness or Erythema
- Pallor or blanching
- Jaundice
- Bruises or black-and-blue marks
3 Skin Appendages
- Cutaneous glands
- Hair and hair follicles
- Nails
2 Cutaneous glands
- Sebaceous Glands Sebum
2. Sweat Glands/ Sudoriferous Gland
It makes skin soft and moist and prevents hair from becoming brittle.
Sebaceous Glands Sebum
Sudor means _____
sweat
2 Sweat Glands/ Sudoriferous Gland
- Eccrine
2. Apocrine
It produce clear perspiration.
Eccrine
This is found predominantly in the axillary and genital areas.
Apocrine
True or False. Apocrine sweat glands are mostly found in the armpit and anogenital regions.
True
What sweat gland is most abundant in palms, soles and forehead?
Eccrine
Skin Infections and Allergies
- Athlete’s foot
- Boils and carbuncles
- Cold sores
- Impetigo
- Psoriasis
- Skin cancer
Also called tinea pedis.
Athlete’s foot
Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, common on the dorsal neck.
Boils
Characterized by small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by a herpes simplex infection.
Cold sores
Caused by a highly contagious Staphylococcus
infection.
Impetigo
It is a chronic condition, characterized by overproduction of skin cells that results in reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed.
Psoriasis
________ are composite boils typically caused by bacterial infection (often Staphylococcus aureus).
Carbuncles
Causes of Cancer
- infections
- chemicals
- physical trauma
Different cases of Skin Cancer
- Basal Carcinoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Malignant carcinoma
A case of skin cancer wherein cells of the stratum basale are altered so that they cannot form keratin, no longer honor the boundary between epidermis and dermis.
Basal Carcinoma
Happens in the region of stratum spinosum and appears most often on the scalp, ears, dorsum of the hands, and lower lip.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Aka Cancer of melanocytes ; appears as spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes rapidly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels.
Malignant carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma ABCD Rule
Asymmetry Border Color Diameter Evolving
What Malignant Melanoma ABCD Rule is described?
One half is different from the other.
Asymmetry
What Malignant Melanoma ABCD Rule is described?
It is irregular notched and blurry
Border
What Malignant Melanoma ABCD Rule is described?
Larger than 6mm or 1/4 inch.
Diameter
True or False. A Malignant Melanoma is either brown or black in color.
False. It has MORE THAN ONE.
