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All Reviewer > Language, Culture, and Society > Flashcards

Language, Culture, and Society Flashcards

1
Q

This is to express your thoughts and ideas

A

Communication

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2
Q

You need ethical considerations when it comes to?

A

Communication

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3
Q

_______ in it’s widest sense means the total of signs of our thoughts and feelings as are capable interval.

A

Language

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4
Q

What are the 5 Macro Skills

A
  1. Listening
  2. Speaking
  3. Reading
  4. Writing
  5. Viewing
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5
Q

It is a prerequisite to understanding. It is the skill of grasping and decoding information during the exchange of messages.

A

Listening

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6
Q

It is a prerequisite to understanding. It is the skill of grasping and decoding information during the exchange of messages.

A

Listening

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7
Q

It is the beginning of understanding and a valuable key to effective communication. It is the task of getting the meaning of what is being heard (Underwood, 2009).

A

Listening

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8
Q

What are the 10 steps to effective listening

A

Dianne Schilling Step!

Step 1: Look at the speaker in the eye and face

Step 2: Focus and give attention but relax

Step 3: Be open-minded.

Step 4: Listen and picture what the speaker is saying.

Step 5: Don’t speak while the person is talking.

Step 6: When the speaker pauses, you may ask clarifying questions.

Step 7: Ask relevant questions.

Step 8: Put yourself in the speaker’s
place.

Step 9: Give feedback.

Step 10: Focus as well to nonverbal cue’s

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9
Q

Who created the 10 steps to effective listening ?

A

Dianne Schilling

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10
Q

It is the ability that makes us superior to other species. It is complex cognitive and linguistic skill that involves words and sounds.

A

Speaking

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11
Q

When we are speaking it involves

A

• Meaning: connotation, denotation, grammar Sociality, Relationship, Affect, formal, informal, slang, turn-taking

Cultural Issues: class, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender, dialect Performance: articulation, projection, pronunciation

Sound Elements: how volume pitch, pace, and nature of sound

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12
Q

What is the function of speaking?

A

Interaction
Translation
Performance

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13
Q

It is seen in social conversations. For example, a student shares her weekend getaway experience to a friend, a taxi driver chats with his passenger, or a saleslady telling her manager about her recent experience, etc.

A

Interaction

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14
Q

It happens when someone wants to cut across a message There is an act to be done after the message is received.l

A

Transaction

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15
Q

It is when an audience accepts the message spoken.

A

Performance

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16
Q

This is a example of ?

Speeches conducted to persuade like oration or debate. There is an emphasis on the accuracy, the sequencing of ideas, the form and the organization.

A

Performance

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17
Q

This is a example of ?

A boy orders a box of pizza, a teacher gives instructions on the assignment of the lesson to her students, or book a plane ticket via phone call.

A

Transaction

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18
Q

It is a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation. Learn how readers integrate these facets to make meaning from print (Leipzig, 2001).

A

Reading

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19
Q

It is making meaning from print. It requires that we:

⚫ identify the words in print a process called word recognition;

construct an understanding from them a process called comprehension an

⚫ automatic and accurate an achievement called fluency

coordinate identifying words and making meaning so that reading is automatic and accurate- an achievement called fluency.

A

Reading

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20
Q

Brown (1989) suggested this categories:

A

A. Oral Reading

B. Silent Reading

  1. Intensive

a. linguistic

b. context

II. Extensive

a. skimming

b. scanning

c. global

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21
Q

Who suggested this?

A. Oral Reading

B. Silent Reading

  1. Intensive

a. linguistic

b. context

II. Extensive

a. skimming

b. scanning

c. global

A

Brown (1989)

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22
Q

Type of reading that is reading aloud. This can be a technique to improve poor readers word identification in context. By reading aloud, the person learns to correct and detect errors that the reader produced. It improves proper pronunciation

A

Oral reading

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23
Q

Under silent reading there are 2 types

A

Intensive
Extensive

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24
Q

This type of reading reading includes reading for pleasure or reading technical, scientific, or professional material. Under these are two specific types of reading: scanning for key details or skimming for the essential meaning

A

Extensive

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25
Q

Practicing specific reading strategies entail _______ reading.

A

Intensive

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26
Q

This type of reading is the means to an end.

A

Extensive

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27
Q

Another type of macro skill that entails control of language variables since it is an extremely complex cognitive activity Good writing skills may increase the chances of a person’s success. These are needed for all students to accomplish their educational and employable requirements

A

Writing

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28
Q

It is another macro skill which language teachers should master and teach students.

A

Writing

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29
Q

What are the Steps for Writing ?

A

Decide the topic

Researching and collecting information

Outline and plan

Start writing with a simple draft

Review, edit, and format

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30
Q

allow students to pause and reflect and think about the image they are seeing and analyze or evaluate further these visuals for better use. includes giving meaning to the images or visuals and even with computer programs in websites with printed and spoken words

A

Viewing skills

31
Q

It gives an avenue for students to understand things and gain knowledg through information, which is communicated by others especially with the use of technology. This skill is very important especially in this age of technology. In this age and time, visual literacy will be an important skill and requirement for success in business as this generation experiences an information revolution. It is the ability to learn visually by thinking and solving problems presented in the visual domain. King and VanHecke (2006) assert that learning happens when connections are created like schema in the mind. Biologically we connect through the neural network; concepts and ideas are linked in the mind and interactions made between experiences are all essential in the process of learning.

A

Viewing

32
Q

What are the types of viewing ?

A

Critical viewing

Visual literacy

33
Q

skill to decipher the meaning from visuals (Georgis, 1999) ability to create visuals to convey effectively the ideas in mind (Valmont, 2003; Heinish, 1999)

A

Visual literacy

34
Q

skill to understand and evaluate information from visuals. ability to analyze the composition of the

A

Critical viewing

35
Q

Cooley and Roach (1984) mentioned that _______________ refers to the knowledge one has on morphology, phonology, syntax including how and when to use these appropriately in utterances. It is the proper and efficient communication flow and the skill to utilize and acclimate this expertise in different situations.

A

Communicative competence

36
Q

Dell Hymes coined this term after opposing the description of Chomsky’s (1966) performance and competence

A
37
Q

Canale and Swain (1980) looked at ________________ as the overall system, which includes the skill and knowledge one needs for communication. They proposed a 4-dimensional theory comprising of grammatical, sociolinguistic, strategic and discourse competences

A

communicative competence

38
Q

. They proposed a 4-dimensional theory comprising of grammatical, sociolinguistic, strategic and discourse competences

A

Canale and Swain (1980)

39
Q

In _______, one can do it orally, meaning using voice articulation or
written, using print. In oral communication, we consider the tone of voice, gestures, eye contact while in written communication, we consider the diction/ use of words or language and manner of writing.

A

communication

40
Q

What is a 1st language ?

A

Whatever the language used and learned by a person from birth until the critical period is considered his/her first language. It is the language used in the house. Therefore it is suffice to say that children learn their first language from the people they were with from birth until the critical period.

41
Q

What is a second language?

A

After learning the first language (L1), a person accommodates a new language usually learned afterwards. This is referred to as the second language (L2). In learning L2, it takes effort and a conscious will by familiarizing with vocabulary, pronunciation, functions, and rules of the language.

42
Q

looks at linguistics with a narrower
view

the focus is more on the structures of the language system

A

Micro linguistics

43
Q

What are the branches of micro linguistics?

A

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

44
Q

It focuses on the sounds particular it looks into how sound should be articulate

A

Phonetics

45
Q

Focuses on the ways speech sound should organize

A

Phonology

46
Q

Study of construction and formation of words

Breaks words into morphemes and it is consider the grammar of the words

A

Morphology

47
Q

Study of relationship between linguistic forms, and how they are arranged in a sequence ( well- formed )

A

Syntax

48
Q

Focuses on the meaning of the sentence

A

Semantics

49
Q

Study of relationship between linguistic forms and the user of those forms

A

Pragmatics

50
Q

Looks at linguistic with a broader view

A

Macro linguistic

51
Q

It focuses on the way languages are acquired, stored in the brain and user for various functions : interdependent of language and culture

A

Macro linguistic

52
Q

What are the branches of Macro linguistic ?

A

Psycholinguistics

Sociolinguistics

Neurolinguistics

Discourse Analysis

Computational linguistics

Applied linguistics

53
Q

Study of language and mind, mental structures and process which are involved in the acquisition, comprehension, and production of language

A

Psycholinguistics

54
Q

Studies between language and society: how social factors influence the structure and use of language

A

Sociolinguistics

55
Q

Study of language represented in brain

Typically studies the disturbances of language comprehension and production caused by the damage of certain areas in the brain

A

Neurolinguistics

56
Q

Studies how stretches of language used in communication assumed meaning, purpose and the unity of the users

A

Discourse Analysis

57
Q

Application of linguistic theories and computational techniques

A

Computational linguistics

58
Q

Field of study that looks at how linguistic can help understand real-life problems in: psychology, sociology, and education

A

Applied linguistics

59
Q

It is the language used in business, trade and diplomacy and other international activities

A

World English

60
Q

It refers to the varieties of English from the different regions of the world. It is a term referring to the emerging Englishes which are products of influences by the United Kingdom or the United States.

A

World Englishes

61
Q

He proposes this concentric circle to illustrate the spread of English all over the world.

Each circle in this model represents the kind of function and acquisition in which English language is used.

A

Kachru (1985)

62
Q

Englishes in the model refer to the parent countries of English. These countries are the colonizing nations in our history. Through colonization, they have spread English the other regions of the world. For example, Britain carried the language Australia, New Zealand, and North America.

A

The Inner Circle

63
Q

It belongs to the territories colonized by the part countries of English. English in this circle, is considered to be a seos nonnative language and is used for functions like education, law, government transactions.

A

The Outer Circle

64
Q

It considers English as a foreign language. That encompasses countries where English has no historical or governmental Nevertheless, English is still used for very limited transactions and mostly international communications only.

A

The Expanding Circle

65
Q

He establishes the authority of the English language by looking into its ‘range’ and “depth”.

A

Kachru (1986)

66
Q

The ___ of English refers to the totality of functions which it has acquired as it spreads around the globe

A

range

67
Q

The ____ refers to the amount of societal penetration it has achieved.

A

depth

68
Q

It is one of the very few American-transplanted English. It is a variety of English used by around 42 million or 70% of the population

A

Philippine English

69
Q

Who stated that the Filipinos were able to adapt and learn English after being colonized by American?

A

Gonzalez,1996

70
Q

If a person can communicate effectively be it writing, speaking, or even singing using three or more languages, he/she is considered a ?

A

multilingual or polyglot.

71
Q

A ________ can also listen or read passively and understand the message in different languages

A

multilingual or polyglot.

72
Q

These are speakers who are equally proficient in two or more languages

A

Maximal Multilingual

73
Q

These are speakers who can successfully cut across their message even if they are not fluent in the second or third language. For example, the tourists. They can communicate and themselves be understood although some of them are not very p in the language.

A

Minimal Multilingual:

74
Q

These are speakers who can successfully cut across their message even if they are not fluent in the second or third language. For example, the tourists. They can communicate and themselves be understood although some of them are not very p in the language.

A

Minimal Multilingual:

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