Language and Ethnicity

Question 1

What are the thoughts on white varieties?

Answer 1

• They’re nerdy but have overt prestige

Question 2

What are the thoughts on ethnic varieties?

Answer 2

• They’re street and have covert prestige

Question 3

What does mutually unintelligible mean?

Answer 3

• They’re loosely related but not really understandable

Question 4

What is a Pidgin?

Answer 4

• A language that uses words from a language but uses different syntaxes, phonology and grammar

Question 5

What is are 2 examples of the pidgin of Bamboo English?

Answer 5

• Me love you longtime
• My shackup

Question 6

What is a Creole?

Answer 6

• A pidgin that has become a first language

Question 7

What is an example of Jamaican Creole?

Answer 7

• No multiple plurals
• Di tu big pepa not The two big papers
• One word to represent all pronouns, not he/she/it

Question 8

What is Reduplication?

Answer 8

• The repeating of a word to give it a new meaning

Question 9

What is Decreolisation?

Answer 9

• The process of a a Creole reverting to a standard form

Question 10

What is Crossing?

Answer 10

• The process of ethnic bounds mixing and decreolised Jamaican becoming popular

Question 11

What are two features of Black British English?

Answer 11

• Universal tag “innit’
• no s inflection (she eat, not she eats)

Question 12

What did Ben Rampton say about Jamaican Creole?

Answer 12

• It was seen as “cool, tough and good to use”

Question 13

What did John Pitts say about Black British English?

Answer 13

• It was used as a “resistance identity” to reject mainstream ideas

Question 14

What is Multicultural Urban English (MUE)

Answer 14

• An English variety formed from various languages

Question 15

What are 3 lexical (word) examples of Multicultural Urban English?

Answer 15

• Bare = many
• Beef = conflict
• Ting = girl

Question 16

What are 2 phonological (sound) examples of MUE

Answer 16

• fes = face
• a:ks = ask (metathesis)

Question 17

What are 2 grammatical examples of Multicultural Urban English?

Answer 17

• universal tag “innit”
• “man” as a pronoun

Question 18

What is Code Switching?

Answer 18

• Moving from one language to another

Question 19

What is Code Mixing?

Answer 19

• Occasionally using words from another language

Question 20

What is Gumperz’s Function Set Theory?

Answer 20

• Code switching and mixing signals your relationship with the interlocutor
• “we” code vs “they” code

Question 21

What is Domain Theory?

Answer 21

• We change how we speak based on a place, person or activity
• e.g. standard English at school, MUE with mates