Friday Quiz 1

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of speech?

Answer 1

• Expressive: Language without feelings or emotions
• Transactional: Speech to achieve a purpose
• Phatic: Speech to maintain a relationship
• Referential: Speech to give information

Question 2

What are Henry Sacks’s rules for turn taking?

Answer 2

• 1 speaker speaks at a time, they should be allowed to finish without being interrupted, there should be no gaps of silence
• Current speaker nominates the next speaker, if not, someone self nominates
• Speaker takes their turn at the Transition Relevance Point (TRP)

Question 3

What are adjacency pairs?

Answer 3

A greeting or question followed by an appropriate greeting or answer

Question 4

What is topic drift and what prevents it?

Answer 4

Moving from topic to topic, more important topics reduce drift

Question 5

What does it mean to “talk topically”?

Answer 5

The speaker must speak on the same topic as the previous speaker

Question 6

What is a topic loop?

Answer 6

When a conversation goes back to a previously dismissed topic

Question 7

What are Paul Grice’s 4 maxims?

Answer 7

• The Maxim of Quality: The speaker’s contribution must be true
• The Maxim of Quantity: The speaker’s contribution must be neither too little nor too long
• The Maxim of Relevance: The speaker’s contribution must be relevant to the reason of the exchange
• The Maxim of Manner: The speech should be understood by the interlocutor

Question 8

What is the Politeness Theory?

Answer 8

We try to establish the right relationships with people

Question 9

What are the 2 parts of Brown and Levinson’s face theory?

Answer 9

• Positive face: Seeing yourself in a certain way that you want others to respect (e.g. as a good Dad)
• Negative face: Your right to self determination (e.g. being kicked out of lesson for doing nothing wrong)

Question 10

What are examples of face vulnerable speech acts?

Answer 10

Apologies, confessions, invitations

Question 11

What are Robin Lakoff’s 3 maxims of politeness?

Answer 11

• Don’t impose
• Give options
• Make the listener feel good

Question 12

What are Leech’s 4 maxims of politeness?

Answer 12

• Tact Maxim: minimise cost to other, maximise benefit to self
• Generosity Maxim: minimise benefit to self, maximise cost to self
• Approbation maxim: minimise dispraise of other, maximise praise od other
• Modesty Maxim: minimise praise of self, maximise dispraise of self
• Agreement Maxim: minimise disagreement between self and other, maximise agreement between self and other