English Around the World Flashcards
What are two feature of Singlish?
- Reduplication (e.g. “good good”)
- Particle (lah)
(it’s mutually comprehensible)
What is English as a Global Language?
- L1 = first language
- L2 = second language
- Everything science based is published in English
What are 2 examples of English as a Global Language? (words used in different countries)
- South Africa: “treadies” = trainers
- India: “airdash” = emergency flight
What is Kachru’s Three Circles Model?
- Inner Circle = Norm providing (UK)
- Outer Circle = Norm developing (Nigeria)
- Expanding Circle = Norm dependent (Russia)
What are 2 phonological (sound) examples of Canadian English?
- yod pronounce (new = nju) like UK
- logger pronounced as lager
What are 2 lexical (word) examples of Canadian English?
- Lineup
- Washroom
What are two grammatical examples of Canadian English?
- “yiz” instead of “yous”
- “as well” as a fronted adverbial
What is a pragmatic example of Canadian English?
- “eh?” as a tag question
What is a phonological (sound) example of Indian English?
- Syllable timed language, each syllable is equally stressed
What are two lexical (word) examples of Indian English
- stop = bas
- friend = yaar
What are two grammatical examples of Indian English?
- Use present progressive tense for everything (e.g. I am knowing this)
- “no” as a universal tag question
What is English as a Lingua Franca?
- A simplified version of English used between two non English speakers
What are two examples of English as a Lingua Franca?
- “no?” as a tag question
- omission of “s” in plurals (e.g. She has two bag)
What is Schneider’s Dynamic Model?
- Says that English develops as a new language in 4 ways
What is Exonormative Stabilisation?
- English is enforced as a norm externally
- e.g. laws are made in English
What is Endonormative Stabilisation?
- Norm of English imposed within the country
- e.g. books are now written in English
