Language and Ethnicity Flashcards
What does race mean?
Refers to a person’s physical characteristics, such as bone structure and skin, hair, or eye-colour. It is set from birth.
What does nationality mean?
A legal relationship, with the person and the state. (it’s what appears on your passport)
What does ethnicity mean?
A category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, culture, or nation.
What does multiculturalism mean?
A situation in which all different cultural or racial groups in a society have equal rights and opportunities, and none is ignored.
What does creole mean?
A variety that has developed from a ‘pidgin’ or trade language to become a stable language used by speakers as their mother tongue.
What does patois mean?
An alternative term for creole, sometimes spelt ‘patwa’ to distance the language from apparent connections with Europe, and to suggest how it should be pronounced.
What does resistance identity mean?
An identity that goes against mainstream culture.
What does super-standard forms mean?
Language use that deliberately intensifies the standard forms of mainstream culture.
What is British Black English?
A wide-ranging label, but often referring to a variety used by some speakers within the Caribbean community in the UK.
What is Multicultural Urban British English?
A label that refers to the way in which Multicultural London English has spread to other conurbations in the UK
What does code-mixing mean?
The inclusion of words and phrases from one language in another.
What does code-switching mix mean?
Switching between different languages in a sustained way.
What does linguistic appropriacy mean?
The way in which language choices reflect ideas about what is appropriate for any given context.
What is the generational pattern?
First generation, Second generation, Third generation.
What is the First generation?
First language (L1/heritage language) spoken at home or Learning of English, attempt to adopt standard forms and creation of pidgins/creoles.
What is the Second generation?
Parental language spoken as L2 at home with code-switching or English as L1; code switching in certain situation.
What is the Third generation?
English as L1 at home with some code switching or formation of ethnolects within English.
What does diglossic code switching mean?
When many people from immigrant backgrounds have further option: they can move between two quite different languages (rather than two dialects).
What does heritage language mean?
A language that is not the dominant language in the society in which somebody lives, yet it is one that is spoken at home.
What does intersectionality mean?
The idea that social categorisations are all interconnected and overlapping. Someone’s ethnicity cannot be separate from their gender, social class, sexuality.
What does style-shifting mean?
When speakers adjust the way they speak depending on a combination of factors such as how much attention they are paying to what they are saying, who they are talking to, or how they want to be perceived in a particular context.
What does alveolar ridge mean?
The hard area behind the top front teeth.
What does dipthong mean?
A vowel which starts as one sound then changes to another. For example, the /c/ vowel sound in the word ‘choice’.
What does ethnolect mean?
A variety of language that is associated with a particular ethnic group.
What does makers mean?
Something that stands out and is noticed as different from the norm.
What does unmarked mean?
The common, regular, normal version of something that can go unnoticed.
What does ethnolinguistic repertoire mean?
Set of linguistic resources that are available to be used by an individual speakers in order to signal their ethnic identity.
What does multiethnolect mean?
A collection of linguistic resources combining features from a variety of languages within a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural context.
