Grammar Flashcards
What are nouns?
“Naming words”. They are names we give to people, places, objects, ideas etc.
What are proper nouns?
Usually begin with a capital letter. They refer to specific people and places. (E.g) London, Harriet, Othello.
What are abstract nouns?
Refer to things that do not physically exist such as ideas or concepts. (E.g) happiness, fear, democracy, belief.
What are concrete nouns?
Refer to things that physically exist, object we can see and touch. (E.g) chair, car, scarf, cheese.
What are adjectives?
They are describing words. They described nouns.
What are comparative adjectives?
Adjectives used to make comparisons.
E.g (end in -er/ more , than)
What are superlative adjectives?
Adjectives used to make comparisons.
E.g ( end in -est/ most )
What are pre-modifiers?
Adjectives that come before the noun.
E.g a hot day
What is a complement?
An adjectives that comes after a stative verb and can be a post-modifying adjective. E.g I ‘seem’ angry.
What are verbs?
Doing words. May refer to physical actions (dynamic verbs)
What are stative verbs?
Refer to actions you can’t see E.g think, understood, know, contemplate.
What are auxiliary verbs?
They are helping verbs. ( either, have, do or be) E.g He was thinking of her.
What is a modal auxiliary verbs?
They are used in conjunction with main verbs and indicate such things as certainty, possibility, probability, requests, permissions, advice.
E.g You must see a doctor.
What is a metaphor?
Non-literal language. E.g the exam was murder
What are collective nouns?
A group of people
What’s a regular adjective?
A regular adjective describes a noun
What is an irregular adjective?
Something that doesn’t take the normal rule. E.g mouse-mice, goose-geese (plural) (to be)
What does adverbs mean?
Describe/modify verbs (and adjectives), for (e.g) I’m really hungry- modifying the adjective
What do adjectives modify?
Nouns
What is a modifier?
It describes
Do adverbs answer questions about the verb?
Yes
How do adverbs answer questions about the verb?
Manner (how)- quickly
Place (where)- here,there
Time (when)- yesterday, today
Number (how often)- twice a week
What does adverbial mean?
Does the job of an adverb (E.g) In the river or last week, 5 years ago.
What are passive pronouns?
Show belonging
What are co-ordinating conjunctions?
And, or, but- they join main clauses (E.g) I’m tired and I’m hungry, I like coffee but I don’t like tea.
What are sub-ordinating conjunctions?
All other conjunctions, they make subordinate clauses (which can’t stand alone) (E.g) because I’m tired, although it’s raining
What do subordinate clauses need to make a sentence?
A main clause
What are prepositions?
Tell us specifically the position or location of the noun. Prepositions require an object (E.g) she went down the road, It’s in the box
What are determiners?
Identify which nouns are being referred to (e.g) the, a, some, these, that, their.
What are pronouns?
Words that take the place of nouns
What are conjunctions?
“Joining” words. They link together different parts of a sentence.
What are prepositions?
Words that indicate how one thing is related to another in terms of position, direction and time.
What are examples of possessive determiners?
(my book, her book, etc)
What are examples of determiners that convey quantity?
(some books, many books, three books)
What are examples of demonstrative determiners?
(Demonstrating which items- these books)
What is the subject of a sentence?
The person, place, or thing carrying out the action of the verb.
What’s a dynamic verb?
One which relates to action (e.g) to run, to hit, to speak.
What’s a stative verb?
One which expresses states of being or thought processes rather than actions (e.g) to be, to seem, to know, to mean
What’s a direct object?
The person, place or thing which receives the action of a verb.
What are transitive verbs?
Verbs followed by a direct object.
What are intransitive verbs?
Verbs that cannot take a direct object.
What’s a complement?
A stative verb followed by a noun or an adjective to complete the sense of a sentence.
What’s a finite verb?
A verb form which can occur alone in a sentence
What is a non-finite verb?
The present and past principles (e.g. loving, taken)
What do finite verbs consists of?
All verb forms except the infinitive (e.g, to love, to take)
What are the 4 sentence types?
Minor sentence, Simple sentence, Compound sentence, Complex sentence.
What’s a minor sentence?
An incomplete sentence- omitting either finite verb or subject. (E.g) Students on the run (omitting finite verb “are”)
What’s a simple sentence?
A complete sentence, containing one clause. (E.g) Trees are lovely
What’s a compound sentence?
At least two complete main clauses each linked by a co-ordinating conjunction and, but, or or. (E.g) (She walks home) but (he catches the bus)
What’s a complex sentence?
At least two clauses, one main, one subordinate linked by a subordinating conjunction. (E.g) (He ate the cakes) which (my mum baked)
What does the subject of a sentence perform?
The action of the verb. (E.g) The car raced around the track.
What does the object of a sentence tell you?
Who or what has received the action of the verb. (e.g) I saw the dentist
What more does a complement add?
More information about the subject and usually follows the verb ‘to be’ or ‘to become’. (E.g) Her clothes are fashionable
What do adverbials add in a sentence?
More information about the action of the verb. (e.g) Lucy slept soundly.
What do clauses types contain?
subject and verb
What are main clauses?
Can stand alone. Has a subject and a verb. (e.g) she left home
What are subordinate clauses?
Can’t stand alone, begins with a subordinating conjunction and has a subject and a verb. (e.g) because she had a lesson.
