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English Language A-Level > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

What are nouns?

A

“Naming words”. They are names we give to people, places, objects, ideas etc.

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2
Q

What are proper nouns?

A

Usually begin with a capital letter. They refer to specific people and places. (E.g) London, Harriet, Othello.

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3
Q

What are abstract nouns?

A

Refer to things that do not physically exist such as ideas or concepts. (E.g) happiness, fear, democracy, belief.

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4
Q

What are concrete nouns?

A

Refer to things that physically exist, object we can see and touch. (E.g) chair, car, scarf, cheese.

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5
Q

What are adjectives?

A

They are describing words. They described nouns.

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6
Q

What are comparative adjectives?

A

Adjectives used to make comparisons.
E.g (end in -er/ more , than)

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7
Q

What are superlative adjectives?

A

Adjectives used to make comparisons.
E.g ( end in -est/ most )

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8
Q

What are pre-modifiers?

A

Adjectives that come before the noun.
E.g a hot day

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9
Q

What is a complement?

A

An adjectives that comes after a stative verb and can be a post-modifying adjective. E.g I ‘seem’ angry.

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10
Q

What are verbs?

A

Doing words. May refer to physical actions (dynamic verbs)

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11
Q

What are stative verbs?

A

Refer to actions you can’t see E.g think, understood, know, contemplate.

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12
Q

What are auxiliary verbs?

A

They are helping verbs. ( either, have, do or be) E.g He was thinking of her.

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13
Q

What is a modal auxiliary verbs?

A

They are used in conjunction with main verbs and indicate such things as certainty, possibility, probability, requests, permissions, advice.
E.g You must see a doctor.

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14
Q

What is a metaphor?

A

Non-literal language. E.g the exam was murder

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15
Q

What are collective nouns?

A

A group of people

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16
Q

What’s a regular adjective?

A

A regular adjective describes a noun

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17
Q

What is an irregular adjective?

A

Something that doesn’t take the normal rule. E.g mouse-mice, goose-geese (plural) (to be)

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18
Q

What does adverbs mean?

A

Describe/modify verbs (and adjectives), for (e.g) I’m really hungry- modifying the adjective

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19
Q

What do adjectives modify?

A

Nouns

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20
Q

What is a modifier?

A

It describes

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21
Q

Do adverbs answer questions about the verb?

A

Yes

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22
Q

How do adverbs answer questions about the verb?

A

Manner (how)- quickly
Place (where)- here,there
Time (when)- yesterday, today
Number (how often)- twice a week

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23
Q

What does adverbial mean?

A

Does the job of an adverb (E.g) In the river or last week, 5 years ago.

24
Q

What are passive pronouns?

A

Show belonging

25
Q

What are co-ordinating conjunctions?

A

And, or, but- they join main clauses (E.g) I’m tired and I’m hungry, I like coffee but I don’t like tea.

26
Q

What are sub-ordinating conjunctions?

A

All other conjunctions, they make subordinate clauses (which can’t stand alone) (E.g) because I’m tired, although it’s raining

27
Q

What do subordinate clauses need to make a sentence?

A

A main clause

28
Q

What are prepositions?

A

Tell us specifically the position or location of the noun. Prepositions require an object (E.g) she went down the road, It’s in the box

29
Q

What are determiners?

A

Identify which nouns are being referred to (e.g) the, a, some, these, that, their.

30
Q

What are pronouns?

A

Words that take the place of nouns

31
Q

What are conjunctions?

A

“Joining” words. They link together different parts of a sentence.

32
Q

What are prepositions?

A

Words that indicate how one thing is related to another in terms of position, direction and time.

33
Q

What are examples of possessive determiners?

A

(my book, her book, etc)

34
Q

What are examples of determiners that convey quantity?

A

(some books, many books, three books)

35
Q

What are examples of demonstrative determiners?

A

(Demonstrating which items- these books)

36
Q

What is the subject of a sentence?

A

The person, place, or thing carrying out the action of the verb.

37
Q

What’s a dynamic verb?

A

One which relates to action (e.g) to run, to hit, to speak.

38
Q

What’s a stative verb?

A

One which expresses states of being or thought processes rather than actions (e.g) to be, to seem, to know, to mean

39
Q

What’s a direct object?

A

The person, place or thing which receives the action of a verb.

40
Q

What are transitive verbs?

A

Verbs followed by a direct object.

41
Q

What are intransitive verbs?

A

Verbs that cannot take a direct object.

42
Q

What’s a complement?

A

A stative verb followed by a noun or an adjective to complete the sense of a sentence.

43
Q

What’s a finite verb?

A

A verb form which can occur alone in a sentence

44
Q

What is a non-finite verb?

A

The present and past principles (e.g. loving, taken)

45
Q

What do finite verbs consists of?

A

All verb forms except the infinitive (e.g, to love, to take)

46
Q

What are the 4 sentence types?

A

Minor sentence, Simple sentence, Compound sentence, Complex sentence.

47
Q

What’s a minor sentence?

A

An incomplete sentence- omitting either finite verb or subject. (E.g) Students on the run (omitting finite verb “are”)

48
Q

What’s a simple sentence?

A

A complete sentence, containing one clause. (E.g) Trees are lovely

49
Q

What’s a compound sentence?

A

At least two complete main clauses each linked by a co-ordinating conjunction and, but, or or. (E.g) (She walks home) but (he catches the bus)

50
Q

What’s a complex sentence?

A

At least two clauses, one main, one subordinate linked by a subordinating conjunction. (E.g) (He ate the cakes) which (my mum baked)

51
Q

What does the subject of a sentence perform?

A

The action of the verb. (E.g) The car raced around the track.

52
Q

What does the object of a sentence tell you?

A

Who or what has received the action of the verb. (e.g) I saw the dentist

53
Q

What more does a complement add?

A

More information about the subject and usually follows the verb ‘to be’ or ‘to become’. (E.g) Her clothes are fashionable

54
Q

What do adverbials add in a sentence?

A

More information about the action of the verb. (e.g) Lucy slept soundly.

55
Q

What do clauses types contain?

A

subject and verb

56
Q

What are main clauses?

A

Can stand alone. Has a subject and a verb. (e.g) she left home

57
Q

What are subordinate clauses?

A

Can’t stand alone, begins with a subordinating conjunction and has a subject and a verb. (e.g) because she had a lesson.

English Language A-Level (8 decks)

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