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2007PSY 2 > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

What side of the brain has the area involved in language production?

A

left hemisphere of the frontal cortex

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2
Q

What does aphasia mean?

A

A complete loss of speech or language

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3
Q

A difficulty in comprehending or properly employing grammatical devices, such as verb endings and word order.

A

Broca’s Aphasia

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4
Q

Difficulty finding (remembering) the appropriate word to describe an object, action, or attribute; one of the symptoms of aphasia

A

anomia

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5
Q

Inability to understand or to produce meaningful language through sentences, though production of words is still intact

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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6
Q

The ability to hear, to speak and usually to read and write without being able to comprehend the meaning of speech; caused by damage to Wernicke’s area or disruption of auditory input to this region

A

Pure word deafness

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7
Q

A speech disorder in which a person has difficulty comprehending speech and producing meaningful spontaneous speech but can repeat speech; caused by damage to the region of the brain posterior to Wernicke’s area.

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia

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8
Q

An aphasia characterised by the inability to repeat words that are heard but the ability to speak normally and comprehend the speech of others;

A

conduction aphasia

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9
Q

In regards to hearing, where in the brain are words understood?

A

Wernicke’s area

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10
Q

What is the name of the pathway between Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

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11
Q

What is the order of understanding a word?

A

spoken word, primary auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area, comprehend word heard

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12
Q

The ability to hear, to speak, and usually to read and write without being able to comprehend the meaning of speech; caused by damage to wernicke’s area or disruption of auditory input to this region:

A

pure word deafness

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13
Q

A speech disorder in which a person has difficulty comprehending speech and producing meaningful spontatneous speech but can repeat speech; caused by damage to the region of the brain posterior to Wernicke’s rea

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia

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14
Q

An aphasia charaterised bu the inability to repeat words that are heard but the ability to speak normally and comprehend the speech of others

A

conduction aphasia

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15
Q

In regards to eharing, where in the brain are words understood?

A

Wernicke’s area

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16
Q

What is the name of the pathway between Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

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17
Q

What is the order of understanding (hearing) a word? (Wernicke-geschwind model)

A

spoken word - primary auditory cortex - wernicke’s - comprehend word heard

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18
Q

A region in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere with functions linked to speech

A

Broca’s area

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19
Q

Part of the cerebral cortex linked to speech - involved in the understanding of written and spoken language

A

Wernicke’s area

20
Q

Impairments in production and comprehension of speech/language?

A

aphasia

21
Q

What is anomia?

A

difficulty finding the right word

22
Q

What is alexia?

A

difficulty reading

23
Q

What is agraphia?

A

difficulty writing

24
Q

What is the order of speaking a word? (Wernicke-Geschwind model)

A

thought - Wernicke’s area - Broca’s area - Facial area of motor cortex - cranial nerves - speak

25
Q

A term that refers to a group of reading disorders of varying severity

A

Dyslexia

26
Q

A neural pathway that connets Wernicke’s area with Broca’s area, damage to which causes conduction aphasia

A

Arcuate fasciculus

27
Q

An experiment procedure that tested the fuctions of the two cerebral hemispheres in patients who had undergone a severing of the corpus callosum. This procedure showed that the left hemisphere tended to be dominant for languge, and the right hemisphere for emotion and spatial reasoning.

A

split-brain procedure

28
Q

The first region of the cerebral cortex, located in the temporal lobes, that receives auditory information

A

primary auditory cortex

29
Q

Where is the angular gyrus located?

A

between the occipital lobes (visual cortex) and Wernicke’s area

30
Q

What is the purpose of the angular gyrus?

A

to translate written information into the approapriate mental sounds and meanings

31
Q

Individual does not immediately recognise words, but can do if given time to read out letters one by one, difficulty reading words but not letters

A

word-form dyslexia (surface)

32
Q

Individual can identify familiar words but is unable to make their sound

A

phonological dyslexia

33
Q

What is whole word reading?

A

recognise a word by its visual form or shape

34
Q

What is phonological reading?

A

identify a word through its distinctive sound

35
Q

What part of the cerebral cotex is involved in spatial skills and emotion?

A

right hemisphere

36
Q

A non-invasive scanning technique that takes detailed three-dimensional pictures of brain structures by computer analysis of X-rays taken at different points and planes around the head

A

CAT scan (computerised axial tomography)

37
Q

A non-invasive technique for examining brain function in humans that measures the brain’s metabolic activity by use of shot-lived radioactive substances

A

PET scan (positron emission tomography)

38
Q

A non-invasive scanning technique that measures the magnetic resonance of hydrogen atoms in the brain. (induced by strong magnetic field and radio waves) to build up a detailed three-dinmensional imagine of brain structure

A

MRI (Magneti resonance imaging)

39
Q

Alexia and agraphia are often symptoms of damage to:

A

The angular gyrus

40
Q

Which of the following techniques can be used to measure (in vivo) the metabolic activity of the brain?

A

Positron emission tomography

41
Q

Which of the following techniques uses radio frequency waves to generate pictures of the brain?

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

42
Q

The angular gyrus conveys information about?

A

pronunciation of words

43
Q

Dyslexia may result from improper development of the?

A

left planum temporale

44
Q

What brain region in involved in Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

left posterior temporal lobe

45
Q

What are contains neurons that analyze speech for meaning?

A

Broca’s area

2007PSY 2 (8 decks)

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