Emotion and Stress

Question 1

A theory proposing that conscious awareness of emotion and the physiological changes accompanying it are produced by parallel and separate mechanisms

Answer 1

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 2

The Autonomic nervous system consists of what 2 divisions?

Answer 2

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 3

Physiological changes that help us to stay alive in a dangerous situation (fight or flight) is part of what nervous system?

Answer 3

sympathetic

Question 4

A major branch of the autonomic nervous system whose main function is to conserve and restore the body’s resources (ie. reduce arousal)

Answer 4

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 5

A group of nuclei located in the anterior (front) part of the medial temporal lobe that forms an important part of the limbic system:

Answer 5

Amygdala

Question 6

A theory proposing that autonomic physiological changes governed by our autonomic nervous system precede and determine the conscious awareness of an emotion:

Answer 6

James-Lange theory of emotion

Question 7

A major branch of the ANS whose main function is to mobilise the body’s resources for flight or flight (i.e. increase arousal)

Answer 7

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 8

A group of interconnected brain regions that includes an arc of phylogenetically old cortex on the basal surface of the neocortex and several other regions including hippocampus, amygdala, fornix, mammillary bodies, hypothalamus and anterior thalamus:

Answer 8

Limbic system

Question 9

A monoamine neurotransmitter, also called 5-hydroxytrymptamine (5-HT), which is implicated in a wide range of functions:

Answer 9

Serotonin

Question 10

The front portion of the cerebral cortex that contains several important anatomical areas including the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral regions, Broca’s area, and primary motor cortex:

Answer 10

Frontal cortex

Question 11

The abbreviation for gamma aminobutyric acid - an amino acid neurotransmitter that is probably the most common inhibitory substance in the central nervous system:

Answer 11

GABA

Question 12

What does stimulation of the medial hypothalamus elicit?

Answer 12

aggressive behaviour with strong sympathetic arousal

Question 13

What part of the brain is known as the ‘emotional centre’?

Answer 13

hypothalamus

Question 14

When we become aware of our body’s physiological arousal, we seek to understand cognitively what is causing this to happen. We generally attribute our emotion to the prevailing environmental conditions:

Answer 14

Cognitive-arousal theory

Question 15

What are the seven basic facial expressions for emotion?

Answer 15

Anger, happiness, fear, disgust, surprise, contempt, sadness. (sometimes embarrassment)

Question 16

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

Answer 16

We experience emotion in part as a result of the position of our facial muscles.

Question 17

What part of the amygdala appears to play an important role in the acquisition and storage of memory associated with fear conditioning?

Answer 17

Lateral Nuclei

Question 18

What is the main output pathway of the amygdala, which includes a major projection to the hypothalamus?

Answer 18

central nucleus

Question 19

What nervous system is vital for producing behavioural manifestations of fear?

Answer 19

ANS

Question 20

What controls the ANS

Answer 20

hypothalamus

Question 21

Part of the brain involved in emotional conditioning and in helping the animal to evaluate the significance of fearful associations with events in its environment:

Answer 21

Lateral amygdala

Question 22

Philip Bard found that lesions of the cerebral cortex

Answer 22

Produced highly emotional animals and ‘sham’ rage

Question 23

What are the 3 main groups of nuclei in the amygdala?

Answer 23

Basolateral, Central nucleus and corticomedial amygdala

Question 24

Removing what parts of the brain reduced fear in rhesus monkeys?

Answer 24

bilateral removal of the temporal lobes, amygdala and parts of hippocampus

Question 25

What are the three main regions of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 25

dorsolateral area, orbitofrontal region, medial frontal cortex

Question 26

Damage to what part of the brain would cause you to be unable to discrimitate facial expressions of emotions in others?

Answer 26

the right hemisphere

Question 27

A general function of the prefrontal cortex may be to?

Answer 27

dampen or inhibit emotional responses

Question 28

Stimulation of the Amygdala would cause?

Answer 28

anxiety and fear