Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2007PSY 2 > Ingestive behaviour and eating disorders > Flashcards

Ingestive behaviour and eating disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the body’s internal environment having to remain relatively constant despite large fluctuations in the external environment?

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What tears up food using acids and enzymes?

A

stomach and duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The upper part of the small intestine is called?

A

Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the duodenum contain?

A

A duct from the PANCREAS GLAND which secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What two hormones does the pancreas gland release?

A

Insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Digested materials are absorbed through the?

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Water and minerals are absorbed through the?

A

large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The body must store nutrients quickly following absorption to stop their levels rising dangerously in the bloodstream. the body must also be able to release stored nutrients, or the energy derived from their transformation in the period between feeding. this is known as?

A

Absorptive and post-absorptive phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What hormone is released when a person starts eating?

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

to lower blood glucose levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the glucostatic theory?

A

A drop in blood glucose, whether in the periphery or the brain, is detected by receptors called glucostats and that it produces hunger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The requirement of the body to maintain a consistent internal environment, despite exposure to various chemical changes and external fluctuations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Neuropeptide Y?

A

A peptide believed to act as a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus and to be involved in the regulation of feeding behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

The first 25cm of the small intestine that also includes the pancreatic duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the absorptive phase?

A

The phase of metabolism that occurs during and immediately after a meal in which insulin is released by the pancreas. It contrasts with the post-absorptive phase where glucagon is secreted by the pancreas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name of the endocrine gland located posterior to the stomach, with its head tucked into the curve of the duodenum, that releases insulin and glucagon?

A

The Pancreas gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the substance manufactured and secreted by adipocytes that communicates to the brain as to how much fat is being stored and also appears to suppress food intake?

A

Leptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

A condition where the individual suffers loss of appetite or refuses to eat sufficient amounts of food in pursuit of thinness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What region of the hypothalamus has been implicated in a wide range of behaviours including eating, drinking, aggression, movement, sexual behaviour and attention?

A

The lateral hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is glucagon?

A

A hormone released by the pancreas that acts on the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What hormone converts glycogen into glucose?

A

Glucagon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What part of the hypothalamus has been shown to be important in feeding and in female sexual behaviour?

A

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

23
Q

What is the Ventromedial hypothalamus?

A

A large medial nucleus at the base of the hypothalamus that has been shown to be important in feeding and in female sexual behaviour.

24
Q

What is cholecystokinin (CCK)?

A

A hormone secreted by the duodenum that regulates gastric mobility and may be involved in the satiation of hunger. It is also found in neurons of the brain where it may have a neurotransmitter function.

25
Q

What is insulin?

A

A hormone released by the pancreas that enables glucose (and amino acids) to enter the cells of the body. It plays a particularly important role in allowing nutrients to be quickly stored immediately following a meal.

26
Q

What hormone plays a particularly important role in allowing nutrients to be quickly stored immediately following a meal?

A

Insulin

27
Q

What is the name of a stored form of sugar, found mainly in the liver, which can be converted into glucose by the pancreatic hormone glucagon?

A

Glycogen

28
Q

What is the paraventricular hypothalamus?

A

A layer of the hypothalamus that lies close to the third ventricle.

29
Q

What is the vagus nerve?

A

The longest cranial nerve in the body, consisting of both sensory and motor divisions, innervating structures of the head, neck, thorax and abdomen.

30
Q

What is an adipocyte?

A

A fat or lipid cell.

31
Q

The glucostatic, lipostatic and amino static theories of hunger and satiety emphasise the importance of what?

A

The importance of glucose, fat and proteins. When the brain detects a deficiency in one of these nutrients it causes hunger, and when levels are restored to a given point the result is satiety.

32
Q

What is the dual-centre set-point theory?

A

The VMH and LH are the main control centres that govern hunger and feeding.

33
Q

What is the hypothalamus involved in?

A

The initiation and termination of feeding.

34
Q

The VMH acts as the brains?

A

satiety centre

35
Q

The LH acts as the brains?

A

hunger centre

36
Q

What is bulimia?

A

Bulimia is characterised by binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or the use of laxatives to purge themselves of the food they have just eaten.

37
Q

In regards to obesity, the sensitivity to which hormone is decreased?

A

leptin

38
Q

What is the name of broken down food in the stomach?

A

Chyme

39
Q

What does the stomach use to break food into chyme in the stomach?

A

gastric juices

40
Q

During a meal, the pancreas gland releases insulin, which allows what to enter the cells of the body?

A

Glucose

41
Q

What is Triglyceride?

A

The form of fat storage in adipose cells; consists of a molecule of glycerol joined with three fatty acids.

42
Q

What is fatty acid?

A

A substance derived from the breakdown of triglycerides, along with glycerol; can be metabolised by most cells of the body except for the brain.

43
Q

What is glycerol?

A

A substance derived from the breakdown of triglycerides, along with fatty acids; can be converted by the liver into glucose.

44
Q

Adipose cells are used for?

A

fat storage

45
Q

What happens immediately following a meal?

A

Blood levels of nutrients (glucose, amino acids and fats) are high. Insulin is released from the pancreas gland; converts blood glucose into glycogen which is stored in the liver and muscles. Facilitates the transport of amino acids into cells allowing protein synthesis to occur. Facilitates the transport of fats into adipose cells enabling fat storage.

46
Q

What happens between meals or fasting?

A

Blood levels of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fats) are low. Glucagon is released from the pancreas gland. Converts glycogen stored in the liver back into glucose. Converts the fat stores of the body into free fatty acids and glycerol.

47
Q

Damage to what area of the hypothalamus will cause eating than normal meals?

A

paraventricular nucleus

48
Q

What is the body and brains primary source of energy?

A

glucose

49
Q

During the absorptive phase of digestion where is glucose stored?

A

in the liver and muscles

50
Q

Leptin levels are higher in

A

obese individuals

51
Q

One drug that has shown effectiveness with bulimics is?

A

antidepressents, which increase serotonin activity

52
Q

The carbohydrate reservoir in the liver is primarily reserved for?

A

the central nervous system

53
Q

The obsession with food noted in anorexia may be related to

A

elevated levels of NPY in the brain

2007PSY 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions