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RUSVM LAM1 > Laminitis > Flashcards

Laminitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is laminitis?

A

Inflammation of the lamellae of the inner hoof capsule

*painful and debilitating condition

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2
Q

What are the common organ systems that can be involved with laminitis?

A 
GI 
Respiratory 
Reproductive 
Endocrine 
Musculoskeletal 
Integumentary 
Immune system 
Renal
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3
Q

What are risk factors for laminitis ?

A 
Endotoxemia/sepsis 
Endocrinopathies 
Trauma “road founder” 
Drug induced
Toxin induced
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4
Q

How does systemic disease cause laminitis?

A

Lamellar tissues are exposed to inflammatory factors that leads to disorganization of the lamellar anatomy

Poor blood supply -> hypoxia
Inflammatory cells
Bacteria
Imbalance in glucose metabolism

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5
Q

How doe leukocytes contribute to laminar damage ?

A

Production of ..

Cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMP) and ROS

MMP can degrade ECM proteins

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6
Q

What is the vascular hyothesis for development of laminitis?

A

Poor perfusion and ischemia due to vasoconstriction

Swelling in response to inflammation —> compartmental syndrome (encapsulated within the hoof)

Reperfusion injury -> post vasoconstriction return of blood -> production of free radicals contribute to cellular injury and inflammation

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7
Q

T/F: laminitis can be caused by hyperglucosemia

A

False

Can be induced by hyperinsulinemia

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8
Q

How can trauma lead to laminitis?

A

Tearing of sensitive tissue
Vasospasm
Fatigue and vasocompression

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9
Q

T/F: foals can get laminitis

A

True

Very rare
Usually due to loss of blood supply to the distal limb—> salmonellosis or thrombosis

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10
Q

Why do you usually see laminitis on the front feet before the hind feet?

A

Front feet carry 60% of the horses weight

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11
Q

What are the biomechanical forces acting on the hoof?

A

Weight of horse (down)
Force of ground (up)
DDF tendon (upward on plantar/palmar surface)
Lamina perpendicular to hoof)
Extensor tendon (upward on dorsal surface)

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12
Q

What are the two types of displacement that can occur in laminitis?

A

Rotational

Vertical

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13
Q

Horse is shifting weight from one foot to the other, but moves relatively freely.

What grade is this?

A

Grade 1

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14
Q

Horse has obvious lameness, when Turing has an stilted gait and shuffles. One foot can be raised without causing extreme discomfort in the contralateral foot.

What grade is this?

A

Grade II

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15
Q

Horse is reluctant to move and resists any attempt to lift a foot

What grade is this ?

A

Grade III

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16
Q

Horse is immobile and often recumbent. What grade of laminitis is this?

A

Grade IV

17
Q

The distance from the hoof wall to the edge of the 3rd phalanx is usually _________mm, if larger it usually means swelling is present

A

18

18
Q

What are the phases of laminitis??

A

Developmental phase

Acute - first sign of pain (clinical foot pain and lameness)

Chronic - compensated (stable)/ uncompensated (unstable)

19
Q

What is the treatment for the developmental stage of laminitis?

A

Treat primary cause

Cryotherapy

20
Q

What are the drug therapies for acute laminitis ?

A

NSAIDS- phenylbuatzone, flunixin meglumine, previcox

Butorphanol
Lidocaine
Morphine
Ketamine

DMSO
Pentoxifylline
Atropine

21
Q

What are the treatment options for laminitis at the hoof level?

A

Decreasing the tension of the DDF on the coffin bone

Unloading the laminar interface

Reduce inflammation

Easing break over

Protecting sensitive tissue

22
Q

What factors do you take into account for prognostic indicators in laminitis

A 
Amount of lamellar damage (sinkers) 
Hoof conformation 
Duration (bone reabsorption and infection) 
Coronary band damage (shear lesions) 
Vascular damage
23
Q

What is the difference between an chronic compensated and chronic uncompensated laminitis?

A

Compensated - coffin bone has displaced but stabilized to some degree, hoof growth if often slowed or distorted

Uncompensated- coffin bone continues to displace

RUSVM LAM1 (17 decks)

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