Fluid Therapy Flashcards
What are the indications for fluid therapy?
Decreased intake Dehydration Shock Need for overhydration Improve perfusion Correct electrolyte abnormalities
What are the types of shock ?
Hypovolemic- hemorrhage, endotoxemia, sequesteration
Vasculogenic- endotoxemia, drainage of thorax
Maldistributive- sepsis, endotoxemia
Cardiogenic - rare in horse
In what cases would there be a need for overhydration??
Liquefaction of respiratory secretions to help expectoration
Intestinal impaction —> increased flow of fluids in lumen of intestine
You can see increased skin tenting at what percent of dehydration ?
8-10%
Tachy mucus membranes can be seen at what percent dehydration?
5-7%
What is the primary sign that an animal is dehydrated?
Decreased urine output
- will have increase USG unless there is renal involvement
T/F: CRT is the best indicator of dehydration
False
Skin tent and mm hydration are better indicators
CRT indicates perfusion (hypovolemia)
Sunken eyes in a horse indicate what degree of dehydration
12-15%
Horses only have sunken eyes in SEVERE dehydration -> imminent death is possible
T/F: sunken eyes in ruminants can be seen at 8-10% dehydration
True
What do you expect heart rate to be in a dehydrated patient?
Expect tachycardia
Can be an indicator of developing dehydration but can have many other causes
_________ can give overestimated impression of dehydration or can cause anemia to be underestimated
Spleenocontraction
For every 2-3% increase in percent dehydration greater than 5% dehydration, the PCV will increase ____%
5%
If your horse has a baseline PCV of 36%, and the horse is 7% dehydrated, what is the expected PCV?
7% - 5% dehydration = 2%
2% correlates with a 5% increase in PCV
36 + 5 = 41%
What is the only possible cause of hyperalbuminmeia?
Dehydration
What are clinical signs associated with hypovolemic shock?
Prolonged CRT (poor perfusion) Decreased jugular filling Tachycardia Decreased pulse pressures Cold extremities Decreased skin turgor
What are the major limitations of fluid administration via SQ?
Can’t get enough fluid in this space to make a difference in the adult horse
Rarely used in foal
What are the two most common methods of fluid administration in the horse?
PO
IV
What are the advantages to using PO administration of fluids?
Most physiologic
Inexpensive, non invasive
Especially helpful with LI impaction and overhydration techniques
What are the disadvantages of PO administration of fluid?
Contraindicated in gastric distention, reflux, and ileus
What are the locations for IV fluid administration in horse?
Jugular
Lateral thoracic - not in recumbent animals (dislodged)
Cephalic vein - easily plugs due to effect of gravity
Saphenous- typically only placed in severely depressed horses “running out” of veins to be accessed
What are the advantages to IV administration of fluids?
Easy access
Can give almost unlimited fluid
Easy adjustment of fluid plane
Disadvantages to IV fluid administration?
Vein compromise -> thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, septic, phlebitis
Introduction of organisms (sepsis)
Requires aspetic technique
When giving intra-peritoneal fluids, where do you administer?
Left flank.. less GI stuffs on this side
What is the major disadvantage of intra peritoneal fluid admin?
Tends to tract down with abdomen causing space occupying lesion in abdomen resulting in abdominal discomfort (colic from injury or fluids?)
