Choke Flashcards
How long is the throroughbread esophagus?
120cm
At the level of the heart base, the esophagus courses to the ???
Right of the aortic arch and stays dorsal
What type of msucle makes up the esophagus?
First 2/3rds made of skeletal msucle
Last 1/3rd of smooth
What is the innervation to the striated esophagus?
Pharyngeal and esophageal branches of vagus
What are primary causes of choke?
No underlying problem withe esophagus
Dental problems
Feed, competition, bloat
Dehydration, exhaustion
What are secondary causes of choke?
Impaction due to functional or mechanical issue with esophagus
Intraluminal or extraluminal mass/ foreign body
Acquired or congenital anomalies
What feed associated factors can predispose to choke?
Small particulate matter like pellets or hay cubes
Clinical signs associated with choke?
Profuse bilateral nasal discharge
Watery foamy
Neck stretching and gagging
Colic like signs
If prolonged can cause dehydration, electrolyte, and acid base abnormalities
How can you diagnose choke?
CS and history
Inability to pass nasogastric tube
Endoscopy.
CBC and biochem
- neutrophilia leukocytosis with hyperfibrinogenemia ( aspiration pneumonia)
- stress leukogram
- can have met alkalosisi due to hypochloremia
US and rads
What is the most common complication caused by choke?
Aspiration pneumonia
What are all the possible consequences of choke?
Aspiration pneumonia
Ulceration
Tear
Rupture —> mediastintitis
Diverticulum
Treatment of choke?
Try the following in this order.. if it doesnt work.. add the next protocol …
HEAVY sedation
Large dose Xylazine
NG and flush
Add carbocations
Add intratracheal tube cuffed
Add IV fluids
Anesthesia on tilted table
- surgery to massage out
- esophagostomy (poor prognosis)
What is the treatment for aspiration pneumonia>
Antimicrobial
Penicillin
Aminoglycosides
Metronidazole
NSAID and DMSO — decreased inflammation
