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RUSVM LAM1 > Colic > Flashcards

Colic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of abdominal pain?

A

Originating from GI proper

  • stretch of GIT wall
  • pull on mesentary
  • inflammation in intesintal wall
  • pain from ischemia

Originating from peritoneum

  • stimulation of inflammatory mediators
  • stimulation of reflexes leading to decreased mobility and distention
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2
Q

What are consequences of a lack of aboral flow in the gIT?

A

Distention with gas or fluid

  • rapidity and severity depends on degree of obstruction
  • distended bowel likely to be palpable transrectally

Backflow of content

  • large vol can accumulate in large colon
  • small intestinal obstructions result in reflux in hose

Compromise of vsculature or bowel wall
-inflmmatory abdominal fluid -
CV collapse

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3
Q

What do you expect heart rate to be in a case with simple obstruction ?

A

Normal to slightly elevated (40-70)

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4
Q

What do you expect heart rate to be in strangulating lesions?

A

Very elevated

Early 50-90
Late 70-120

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5
Q

Pulse rates over _______ are seen in diseases that produced severe cardiovascular compromise and are therefore more likely fatal

A

80

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6
Q

Fever with a colic indicates what etiology

A

Infectious

Eg salmonellosis or PHF

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7
Q

What breeds of horses are known for being stoic?

A

Draught horses
Ponies
Donkeys

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8
Q

Grade this colic

Pawing occasionally
Walking and looking at flanks

A

Mild

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9
Q

Grade this colic

Up and down constantly 
Walking 
Quivering 
Rolling 
Trashing

External injuries

A

Severe

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10
Q

Grade this colic

Paying, kicking abdomen with hind limbs

Crouching and getting up and down

A

Moderate

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11
Q

How can you tell the difference between colic pain and laminitis pain?

A

Colic horses are continuously moving

Laminitis horse are planted

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12
Q

In what quadrant would you find the small intestine and small colon?j

A

LD

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13
Q

In what quadrant would you find the large colon?

A

LV and RV

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14
Q

In what quadrant would you find the cecum?

A

RD

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15
Q

How many contractions per minute should you hear in the RD quadrant

A

1-3

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16
Q

T/:F you can evaluate motility of the GIT from a single auscultation

A

False

Need multiple auscultations to evaluate change

Both increased and decreased motility are significant

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17
Q

T/F: most strangulating lesions manifest in increased GI sounds initially?

A

True

18
Q

What are the two types of motility?

A

Propulsive and segmental

19
Q

Abdominal enlargement proximal (under ribs). Are associated with what pathology?

A

Small intestine

Cranial displacement of the LC

20
Q

If the flank area is blown up like a tick, what pathology is this associated with?

A

Large colon involvement

Can be associated with generalized peritonitis and GIT rupture

21
Q

What are the only two situations in which you would do a percutaneous decompression?

A

Surgery is refused by client and want to try incase decompression helps resolve (salvage procedure)

Severe compromise that can lead to life threatening situations — prolong survival to surgery

22
Q

What is likely the cause of an enlargement in the right flank?

A

Gas accumulation in the cecum

23
Q

An enlargement in the left flank is likely due to ??

A

Large colon

24
Q

What are complications associated with percutaneous decompression

A

Peritonitis

Rupture (very rarely)

25
Q

What should be the FIRST procedure attempted when evaluating a moderate to severe colic horse
Especially if HR > 70-80bpm

A

Nasogastric intubation

26
Q

T/F: you would expect more volume of reflux with a strangulating lesion compared to a non strangulating lesion

A

True

27
Q

A reflux volume > ______ is considered significant

A

2

28
Q

If you have a small volume of reflux..

what should you consider as the cause?

A

Very early in disease
Very proximal SI disease
Generalized ileus causing SI reflux
Enlargement of LC, enough to start causing outflow obstruction from stomach

29
Q

An alkaline pH with a large amount of reflux localized lesion to ??

A

Small intestine

30
Q

T/F: small intestine in normally palpated in the left dorsal quadrant in a healthy horse

A

False

Should not normally be able to palpate small intestine unless abnormal (distended)

31
Q

What are the normal values for an abdominocentesis for TP, WBC, and RBC?

A

Tp < 2.5
WBC < 5000-10000 cells/uL
RBC none

32
Q

What is the progression of fluid changes due to strangulation lesions?

A

1 hour: increase protein
3-4hrs: increased RBC
6 hrs: WBC incensed

33
Q

High white blood cells and hyperfibrinogenemia are expected with what kind of colic diseses?

A

Longer duration infectious processes

Eg chronic septic peritonitis form intra abdominal abscessation or occasionally masses/tumors

34
Q

T/F: In inflammatory colics, there is often a low normal total WBC count from CBC

A

True

Resection of increased degree of endotoxemia

35
Q

What is the most clearly identified risk factor for colic?

A

Diet

  • changes in feeding practices
  • change in type of concentrate
  • change in type of batch hay
  • feeding large amounts of concentrates
  • feeding round bales or atypical hay

Exercise pattern

  • increased risk with increased housing
  • increased time spent stabled
  • decreased access to pasture

History of previous colic

36
Q

What are the pathophysiologic causes of GI colic?

A

True obstructions
— simple obstruction ( non strangulating)
—strangulating

Non strangulating infarction (thromboembolic )
— parasitic migration (s. Vulgaris)

Ulceration

Inflammatory pain
— enteritis, colitis
— peritonitis
— mucosal, mural, peritoneal

37
Q

Strangulating OR non-strangulating?

Acute
Mild to moderate pain
HR 60-70bpm
CRT >2sec, pulses normal

Increased resp rate

A

Non- strangulating

38
Q

Changes seen on abdominocentesis associated with non strangulating colic?

A

Typically normal TP and WBC

As disease progresses TP will increase first followed by WBC

RBC seen once disease has progressed enough to cause gut wall compromise

39
Q

Strangulating or non-strangulating?

Sever pain
HR 80-100pm
CRT 3sec, toxic line, congested mm
RR increased

A

Strangulating

40
Q

What changes do you expect to see in an abdominocentesis in a colic with a strangulating lesion?

A

Slight serosanguinous with mild increase in protein and WBC

TP, WBC, and RBC will all be incresed
Toxic neutrophil follow

TP> 3 and RBC > 20,000 —> severe irreversible necrosis
Tp> 5.4 —> survival in SI disease is markedly decreased

41
Q

What analgesics will you use for a spasmodic and/or mild colic?

A

Flunixin meguline

Dipyrone : spasmolytic —> only for spasmolytic colics
Buscopan (related to dipyrone)

42
Q

What analgesics will you use in a moderate to severe colic?

A

Xylazine - effective within 5mintues

Detomidine — more potent is Xylazine not cutting it.. or lasts longer for transport

Butorphanol
Good for GI pain, and no decrease in motility
(Usually give with xylazine)

RUSVM LAM1 (17 decks)

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