Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine Med and Surgery > Laminitis > Flashcards

Laminitis Flashcards

1
Q

what is another word for laminitis?

A

founder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

does a horse stand on the ground?

A

no it is suspended by laminae inside a hoof capsule attached to P3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens with laminae is weakened by injury?

A

normal forces acting on digit cause shearing/tearing of laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does the digit slip inside the hoof capsule downwards during laminitis?

A

weight of horse and rotation from pull of deep digital flexor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are clinical signs of laminitis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is wrong?

A

widened white line - stretched laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe laminitis grade 1-4

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the causes of laminitis?

A

endolrcrinopathic laminitis
enzymatic associated laminitis
support limb overload laminitis
black walnut toxicity
steroid induced laminitis
heat induced laminitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two examples of endocrinopathic laminitis?

A

equine metabolic syndrom/insulin dysfunction
pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what model is use to study endocrinopathic laminitis?

A

hyperinsulinemic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what model is use to study enzymatic associated laminitis?

A

SIRS/endotoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pathophysiology of enzymatic model of laminitis?

A

-accumulates leukocytes in lamellar tissue
-metric metalloproteinases up regulated and cause basement membrane damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the pathophysiology of endocrinopathic laminitis?

A

lamellar epithelial cell stretching
not induced by inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the pathophysiology of support limb laminitis?

A

loading cycle (offloading and loading the feet) through walking, or shifting weight when standing still, helps to maintain BF to lamellar tissue
stop moving so BF reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the clinical damage in laminitis?

A

forces acting on digit (weight of horse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is laminitis diagnosed?

A

radiographs - stand horse evenly on blocks and take both later and dorsal palmar (DP) views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the abnormal signs seen in an acute laminitis radiograph?

A

jet line - edema of laminae
possibly no overt changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the abnormal signs seen in an chronic laminitis radiograph?

A

ski tipping of P3
loss of parallel between dorsal hoof wall and dorsal P3
medial to lateral asymmetry
sinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the normal found distance?

A

2-15mm
sinking determined by extensor process to coronet length

20
Q

what should the cobb angle be? what does it determine?

A

0 - determines rotation
hoof wall and dorsal P3 should be parallel

21
Q

what should palmer angle be?

A

3-10 degrees but bony alignment is key

22
Q

what is the normal sole depth?

A

15-20mm

23
Q

what is the dorsal hoof wall thickness?

A

<18-20mm

24
Q

what is the black line?

A

bony alignment

25
Q

Label

A
26
Q

Label

A
27
Q

what areas are evaluated in a venogram of a hoof?

A

terminal arch
coronary papillae (makes up coronary plexus)
sublamellar vascular bed
circumflex vessels
lamellar-circumflex junction with terminal papillae

28
Q

what are venograms useful for?

A

determine progress of deterioration

29
Q

what is wrong?

A

falling caudally, backward ledge

30
Q

what does a return to normal venogram for laminitis within first 4 weeks indicates?

A

an excellent chance for return to use

31
Q

What drugs would you use for acute laminitis?

A

phenylbutazone - NSAID to dec inflammatory cytokines and pain
DMSO - reduce edema and reduce ischemia reperfusion injury
Pentoxyphylline - alter RBC membrane to make more deformable and improve BF
Acepromazine - tranquilizer, inc digital BF
Opioids - butorphanol, fentanyl patches
Anticoagulant thearpy - reduce micro thrombi that can compromise vasculature in foot

32
Q

what has been shown to be slightly protective during colic/colitis?

A

anticoagulant thearpy

33
Q

what is the goal of acute laminitis?

A

decrease pull of DDF

34
Q

How can you decrease tension on DDF?

A

farrier care - elevate heels with wedge or Redden shoe, trim shoes
DDT tenotomy - for rotating not sinking, salvage

35
Q

How long do you do cryotherapy for acute laminitis?

A

48 hours continuous cryotherapy to distal limbs
5L bag with hoof, ice, and water taped into place

36
Q

when is sole/frog support used in acute laminitis?

A

thin soles/sinking

37
Q

How can the tension of the suspensory apparatus of distal phalanx be reduced?

A

strict stall rest
encourage to lie down with very deep bedding or sand

38
Q

what is the prognosis for acute alminitis?

A

wait and see - depends on each horse and how they respond to therapy
if lots of $$$ use venogram to get idea

39
Q

How is chronic laminitis treated?

A

farrier care and control of underlying disease absolutely critical

40
Q

what are most chronic laminitis?

A

endocrinopathic laminitis - must manage primary disease

41
Q

what is the farrier concept for laminitis?

A

realign the bony column - remove toe and heel aggressively

42
Q

How is PPID caused laminitis treated?

A

prascend

43
Q

How is insulin dysregulation laminitis treated?

A

metformin, levothyroxine

44
Q

How is chronic laminitis nutritionally managed?

A

low starch < 10% NSC

45
Q

How is chronic laminitis footing treated?

A

deep, soft, supportive

46
Q

How is chronic laminitis pharmacologically treated?

A

NSAIDS
Phenylbutazone
firocoxib

47
Q

what does the prognosis for chronic laminitis depend on?

A

farrier, veterinarian working together
stoicism of horse
how primary disease responds to treatment

Equine Med and Surgery (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions