Equine Dentistry Flashcards
1
Q
what are the two ways of naming teeth?
A
triadan system and standard
2
Q
A
3
Q
what is 4,5, 6-8, and 9-11 in triadan system?
A
4 - canine
5 - wolf tooth
6-8 - premolar
9-11 - molars
4
Q
what is the first premolar?
A
wolf tooth
5
Q
what gender of horses sometimes do not have wolf teeth or canines?
A
mares
6
Q
how are deciduous teeth labeled?
A
500-800
7
Q
what teeth do not have deciduous teeth?
A
molars
8
Q
define apical
A
toward the root
9
Q
define buccal
A
toward cheek
10
Q
define coronal
A
toward tooth crown
11
Q
define distal, posterior, or caudal
A
toward the back
12
Q
define interproximal
A
between adjacent teeth
13
Q
define labial
A
toward lips
14
Q
define lingual
A
toward tongue in lower arcade
15
Q
define marginal
A
near gingival margin
16
Q
define occlusal, occlusing, or masticating surface
A
contact points of opposing teeth
17
Q
define palatal
A
toward the palate in upper arcade
18
Q
define rostral, mesial, or anterior
A
toward front
19
Q
define hypsodont - are horses this?
A
continually erupting
yes
20
Q
At what rate does each age horse erupt tooth per year?
4,15,20,30 yrs
A
4 yr - 4mm
15 yr - 2mm
20 yr - 1mm
30 yr - none
21
Q
what are teeth composed of?
A
infolded enamel, cementum, and dentine
22
Q
A
23
Q
when do deciduous incisors erupt?
A
24
Q
when do adult incisors and canines erupt?
A
01’s - 2.5 yrs
02’s - 3.5 yrs
03’s - 4.5 yrs
04’s - 5 yrs
25
which are adult teeth and which are deciduous teeth?
baby teeth are triangular
26
what is this? It is non painful and firm
eruption bumps
erupting teeth on young horse mandibles
27
when do adult premolars and molars erupt?
28
when do deciduous premolars erupt?
at birth
29
what is the arrow pointing to?
galvayne's groove
30
when does galvayne's groove appear and where?
10yrs
103 and 203
31
what age is the horse based on the images?
32
what is circled?
cups
33
when do cups disappear on horse incisors?
8yrs
34
when does a cup become an enamel spot/mark/ring? when is the enamel ring gone?
8yrs, gone by 12-18yrs
35
when do dental stars appear and where?
8yrs first incisor
36
what is the only dental structure seen after 15-18 years?
dental star
37
what are the shape teeth when young, 10, 15, and 20?
young - transverse
10 yr - round
15 yr - triangle
20 yr - rectangular
37
what is a normal grind for a horse jaw?
75%
1-1.5 incisors
38
what drugs can be used for the sedation of a standing horse? At what dose?
Xylazine - 150mg, 1.5cc
Romifidine - 15mg, 1.5cc
Detomidine - 5mg, 0.5cc
Butorphanol - 3-5mg, 0.3-0.5cc
39
what are the reversal agents for sedation?
Yohimbine - 5-10mg, 2.5-5cc
Tolazoline - 250-500mg, 2.5-5cc
40
Are reversal agents often used for horses?
No
takes away pain control and dont want an over excited/confused horse
41
what are dental caries?
holes in teeth that are caused by bacteria in the mouth
42
why do we remove wolf teeth?
05's = wolf teeth
the bit hits it and can cause irritation/abscess
43
how do we remove wolf teeth?
local infiltration of block, burgess extractor, elevator, and dental forceps
44
when do you float the occulusal surface?
when there is molar pathology and it is needed to address the malocclusion
45
when do you come back to float more for a molar pathology?
3-6 months
46
Is this a normal pathology? what is it?
yes, sharp points
47
what is the unlabeled line?
bit seat
48
Is this normal pathology? What is it?
yes, incisor hook
49
what pathology is this?
incisor pathology - ventral curvature
50
How often should teeth be floated? - young, natural, and geriatric
young - 6-12 months
natural - 12-36 months
geriatric - 12-36 months
51
what pathology is this?
incisor pathology - diagonal mouth
52
what pathology is this?
incisor pathology - dorsal curvature
53
when do we treat incisor pathology?
when the functional occlusion is compromised
want 75% grind
54
what is the pathology?
overbite
55
what is the difference between an overjet and an overbite?
a jet is a partial tooth and a bite is an entire tooth
56
how are overjet/overbites treated?
if very young and severe - wire jaw
otherwise - floating management
57
what is the pathology?
equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH)
58
how is EOTRH treated?
removal of teeth - palliative and curative
59
what pathology is this?
wave mouth
60
how does wave mouth occur?
109/209 first to erupt and first to wear out/form cups and 308/408 are last to lose caps and last to wear out
61
what pathology is this?
excessive transverse ridges
62
how often do excessive transverse ridge patients need floating?
every 6 months
63
what pathology is this? what teeth is it common on?
hooks
106/206
311/411
64
what pathology is this? what teeth is it common on?
ramps
306/406
65
what is the top and bottom pathology?
top - oligondontia
bottom - polyodontia, supernumeary teeth
66
how is oligondontia and polydontia treated?
oligondontia - adjacent teeth move to fill gap, need more frequent floating
polydontia - if malocclusion then remove
67
what pathology is this?
step mouth
68
what does step mouth usually result from?
missing tooth or malocclusion
69
what pathologies often need floating every 6 months?
excessive transverse ridges
step mouth
70
what pathology is this?
shear mouth
71
what pathology is this?
Diastema
72
what pathology is this?
patent infundibulum
cement-filled, funnel-shaped enamel invaginations in maxillary cheek teeth
73
what pathology is this?
fractured tooth
74
what is the difference between a complicated and uncomplicated fracture?
complicated - pulp exposure -> pulpitis
uncomplicated - no pulp exposure
75
what pathology is this?
oligondontia
76
what pathology is this?
diastema
77
what pathology is this?
tooth abscess
78
when is an infraorbital block used?
maxillary procedures - 06-09
79
when is a maxillary block used?
entire maxilla blocked
terrifying block - avoid
80
when is a middle mental block used?
block lower incisors
81
when is a inferior alveolar block used?
block entire mandibular arcade
82
what block is each arrow?
left - infraorbital
right - maxillary
83
what block is each arrow?
left - middle mental
right - inferior alveolar
84
what agents are used to block?
lidocaine, mepivavaine, bupivacaine
85
Order the blocking agents in order of longest lasting
lidocaine, mepivavaine, bupivacaine
lidocaine, mepivavaine, bupivacaine
86
what is the preferred orientation of the horse for tooth extraction?
standing
87
what can be done to help avoid crown interlocking and increase rotational space when removing a tooth?
partial coronectomy
88
what can be done to help avoid iatrogenic fracture?
pre-extraction crown restoration
89
when do you preform a restoration on infundibular caries?
no pulp involvement
90
when do you preform pulp capping and pulpotomy?
with vital pulp
91
when do you preform a root canal?
no vital pulp
