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Equine Med and Surgery > Equine Dentistry > Flashcards

Equine Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two ways of naming teeth?

A

triadan system and standard

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

what is 4,5, 6-8, and 9-11 in triadan system?

A

4 - canine
5 - wolf tooth
6-8 - premolar
9-11 - molars

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4
Q

what is the first premolar?

A

wolf tooth

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5
Q

what gender of horses sometimes do not have wolf teeth or canines?

A

mares

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6
Q

how are deciduous teeth labeled?

A

500-800

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7
Q

what teeth do not have deciduous teeth?

A

molars

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8
Q

define apical

A

toward the root

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9
Q

define buccal

A

toward cheek

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10
Q

define coronal

A

toward tooth crown

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11
Q

define distal, posterior, or caudal

A

toward the back

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12
Q

define interproximal

A

between adjacent teeth

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13
Q

define labial

A

toward lips

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14
Q

define lingual

A

toward tongue in lower arcade

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15
Q

define marginal

A

near gingival margin

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16
Q

define occlusal, occlusing, or masticating surface

A

contact points of opposing teeth

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17
Q

define palatal

A

toward the palate in upper arcade

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18
Q

define rostral, mesial, or anterior

A

toward front

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19
Q

define hypsodont - are horses this?

A

continually erupting
yes

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20
Q

At what rate does each age horse erupt tooth per year?
4,15,20,30 yrs

A

4 yr - 4mm
15 yr - 2mm
20 yr - 1mm
30 yr - none

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21
Q

what are teeth composed of?

A

infolded enamel, cementum, and dentine

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

when do deciduous incisors erupt?

A
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24
Q

when do adult incisors and canines erupt?

A

01’s - 2.5 yrs
02’s - 3.5 yrs
03’s - 4.5 yrs
04’s - 5 yrs

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25
Q

which are adult teeth and which are deciduous teeth?

A

baby teeth are triangular

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26
Q

what is this? It is non painful and firm

A

eruption bumps
erupting teeth on young horse mandibles

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27
Q

when do adult premolars and molars erupt?

A
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28
Q

when do deciduous premolars erupt?

A

at birth

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29
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A

galvayne’s groove

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30
Q

when does galvayne’s groove appear and where?

A

10yrs
103 and 203

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31
Q

what age is the horse based on the images?

A
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32
Q

what is circled?

A

cups

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33
Q

when do cups disappear on horse incisors?

A

8yrs

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34
Q

when does a cup become an enamel spot/mark/ring? when is the enamel ring gone?

A

8yrs, gone by 12-18yrs

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35
Q

when do dental stars appear and where?

A

8yrs first incisor

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36
Q

what is the only dental structure seen after 15-18 years?

A

dental star

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37
Q

what are the shape teeth when young, 10, 15, and 20?

A

young - transverse
10 yr - round
15 yr - triangle
20 yr - rectangular

37
Q

what is a normal grind for a horse jaw?

A

75%
1-1.5 incisors

38
Q

what drugs can be used for the sedation of a standing horse? At what dose?

A

Xylazine - 150mg, 1.5cc
Romifidine - 15mg, 1.5cc
Detomidine - 5mg, 0.5cc
Butorphanol - 3-5mg, 0.3-0.5cc

39
Q

what are the reversal agents for sedation?

A

Yohimbine - 5-10mg, 2.5-5cc
Tolazoline - 250-500mg, 2.5-5cc

40
Q

Are reversal agents often used for horses?

A

No
takes away pain control and dont want an over excited/confused horse

41
Q

what are dental caries?

A

holes in teeth that are caused by bacteria in the mouth

42
Q

why do we remove wolf teeth?

A

05’s = wolf teeth
the bit hits it and can cause irritation/abscess

43
Q

how do we remove wolf teeth?

A

local infiltration of block, burgess extractor, elevator, and dental forceps

44
Q

when do you float the occulusal surface?

A

when there is molar pathology and it is needed to address the malocclusion

45
Q

when do you come back to float more for a molar pathology?

A

3-6 months

46
Q

Is this a normal pathology? what is it?

A

yes, sharp points

47
Q

what is the unlabeled line?

A

bit seat

48
Q

Is this normal pathology? What is it?

A

yes, incisor hook

49
Q

what pathology is this?

A

incisor pathology - ventral curvature

50
Q

How often should teeth be floated? - young, natural, and geriatric

A

young - 6-12 months
natural - 12-36 months
geriatric - 12-36 months

51
Q

what pathology is this?

A

incisor pathology - diagonal mouth

52
Q

what pathology is this?

A

incisor pathology - dorsal curvature

53
Q

when do we treat incisor pathology?

A

when the functional occlusion is compromised
want 75% grind

54
Q

what is the pathology?

A

overbite

55
Q

what is the difference between an overjet and an overbite?

A

a jet is a partial tooth and a bite is an entire tooth

56
Q

how are overjet/overbites treated?

A

if very young and severe - wire jaw
otherwise - floating management

57
Q

what is the pathology?

A

equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH)

58
Q

how is EOTRH treated?

A

removal of teeth - palliative and curative

59
Q

what pathology is this?

A

wave mouth

60
Q

how does wave mouth occur?

A

109/209 first to erupt and first to wear out/form cups and 308/408 are last to lose caps and last to wear out

61
Q

what pathology is this?

A

excessive transverse ridges

62
Q

how often do excessive transverse ridge patients need floating?

A

every 6 months

63
Q

what pathology is this? what teeth is it common on?

A

hooks
106/206
311/411

64
Q

what pathology is this? what teeth is it common on?

A

ramps
306/406

65
Q

what is the top and bottom pathology?

A

top - oligondontia
bottom - polyodontia, supernumeary teeth

66
Q

how is oligondontia and polydontia treated?

A

oligondontia - adjacent teeth move to fill gap, need more frequent floating
polydontia - if malocclusion then remove

67
Q

what pathology is this?

A

step mouth

68
Q

what does step mouth usually result from?

A

missing tooth or malocclusion

69
Q

what pathologies often need floating every 6 months?

A

excessive transverse ridges
step mouth

70
Q

what pathology is this?

A

shear mouth

71
Q

what pathology is this?

A

Diastema

72
Q

what pathology is this?

A

patent infundibulum
cement-filled, funnel-shaped enamel invaginations in maxillary cheek teeth

73
Q

what pathology is this?

A

fractured tooth

74
Q

what is the difference between a complicated and uncomplicated fracture?

A

complicated - pulp exposure -> pulpitis
uncomplicated - no pulp exposure

75
Q

what pathology is this?

A

oligondontia

76
Q

what pathology is this?

A

diastema

77
Q

what pathology is this?

A

tooth abscess

78
Q

when is an infraorbital block used?

A

maxillary procedures - 06-09

79
Q

when is a maxillary block used?

A

entire maxilla blocked
terrifying block - avoid

80
Q

when is a middle mental block used?

A

block lower incisors

81
Q

when is a inferior alveolar block used?

A

block entire mandibular arcade

82
Q

what block is each arrow?

A

left - infraorbital
right - maxillary

83
Q

what block is each arrow?

A

left - middle mental
right - inferior alveolar

84
Q

what agents are used to block?

A

lidocaine, mepivavaine, bupivacaine

85
Q

Order the blocking agents in order of longest lasting

lidocaine, mepivavaine, bupivacaine

A

lidocaine, mepivavaine, bupivacaine

86
Q

what is the preferred orientation of the horse for tooth extraction?

A

standing

87
Q

what can be done to help avoid crown interlocking and increase rotational space when removing a tooth?

A

partial coronectomy

88
Q

what can be done to help avoid iatrogenic fracture?

A

pre-extraction crown restoration

89
Q

when do you preform a restoration on infundibular caries?

A

no pulp involvement

90
Q

when do you preform pulp capping and pulpotomy?

A

with vital pulp

91
Q

when do you preform a root canal?

A

no vital pulp

Equine Med and Surgery (18 decks)

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