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Equine Med and Surgery > Approach to Medical Diseases of Large Colon > Flashcards

Approach to Medical Diseases of Large Colon Flashcards

1
Q

Is diarrhea a SI or large colon issue in the horse?

A

large colon

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2
Q

what are the top 10 differential diagnoses for equine colitis?

A
  • Salmonella spp.
  • Clostridia spp.
  • Antibiotic induced
  • Potomac horse fever
  • equine enteric coronavirus
  • larval cyathostominosis
  • blister beetle/cantharidin
  • NSAIDS
  • sand
  • carbohydrate overload
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3
Q

How many times do you culture an infected Salmonella horse before letting it go back around other animals?

A

5 times negative

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3
Q

How do you treat a horse with Salmonella

A

supportive care - IV fluids, colloids, anti-inflammories/anti-endotoxin, laminitis prevention, parenteral nutrition

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4
Q

What is one of the first things you have to consider when a horse has diarrhea?

A

Biosecurity
treat like an infectious disease until proven otherwise

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5
Q

When do you treat Salmonella and Clostridia based diarrhea with antibiotics?

A

Salmonella - foal or severe neutropenia
Clostridia - always

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6
Q

What antibiotic is most sensitive to causing antibiotic induced diarrhea?

A

macrolides

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7
Q

What causes Potomac horse fever? Where is it common?

A

Neorickettsia risticii - lives in monocytes
common in NE

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8
Q

what do you treat potomac horse fever with?

A

tetracycline and supportive care

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9
Q

What would be on your differential list for fever of unknown origin out of the top 10 causes of diarrhea?

A

Equine enteric coronavirus

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10
Q

Which of the diagnoses for equine colitis would show internal diarrhea - BW indicates about to have it but has not happened yet?

A

Equine enteric coronavirus

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11
Q

Which of the equine colitis differentials could be prevented with parasite and anthelminthic practice?

A

Larval cyathostominosis

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12
Q

What treats Larval cyathostominosis? where is it more common?

A

moxidectin
more common - back east

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13
Q

Which of the enteric colitis differentials would fit best for a horse from Oklahoma or Texas that has recently switched to alfalfa hay?

A

Blister beetle / cantharidin

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14
Q

How does blister beetle / cantharidin cause equine colitis? How can it be diagnosed?

A

toxic
diagnosed - beetle sighting, toxin ID in urine

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15
Q

What is something you would not want to give to a horse that has cantharidin toxicity?

A

oil, it would inc abs of toxin

16
Q

Which part of the colon is most affected by NSAIDs?

A

right dorsal colon - can end up with strictures

17
Q

How can you diagnose sand colic and what do you treat with?

A

diagnose - sand float, auscultation
treat - psyllium, oil

18
Q

What is a hug risk for a horse with carbohydrate overload?

A

laminitis

19
Q

How do you treat a horse with carbohydrate overload?

A

gastric lavage

20
Q

How is a cecal impact mostly diagnosed?

A

rectal palpation

21
Q

What is the biggest risk with cecal impactions - how does this happen?

A

rupture
cecum can fill up and become full before becoming impacted - painful for a few days and the cecum ruptures

22
Q

Does a large colon impaction always require hospitlization?

A

no some can be handled on-farm with oral fluids and analgesics

23
Q

what is this arterial blood gas?

A

uncompensated metabolic acidosis

24
Q

Given these results what is your diagnosis for a horse with equine colitis?

A

Salmonella colitis and possible larval cyathostominosis (can’t rule out with a horse shedding Salmonella)

25
Q

What is a complication of IV tetracycline administration?

A

hypocalcium
animal can collapse

26
Q

which antibiotic is given to which situation?
Situation - severe neutropenia, clostridial infection, potomac horse fever
Antibiotics - tetracycline, broad-spectrum, metronidazole

A

Severe neutropenia - broad spectrum
Clostridial infection - metronidazole
Potomac horse fever - tetracycline

27
Q

what is the treatment plan for pelvic flexure impaction?

A

analgesics
mineral oil, water, electrolytes via NG tube

28
Q

Given these rectal exam findings what is your diagnosis?

A
29
Q
A
30
Q
A

Equine Med and Surgery (18 decks)

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