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RD EXAM > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Normal: 136 - 145 mEq/L

Causes: loop diuretics, heart failure, renal failure, CHF, cirrhosis, edema

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2
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Normal: 136-145 mEq/L

Causes: renal dysfunction, fever, burns, thirst, excessive diarrhea/vomiting/sweating

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3
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Normal: 3.5-5 mEq/L

Causes: insulin, loop and thiazide diuretics, refeeding syndrome

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4
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Normal: 3.5-5 mEq/L

Causes: meds like cyclosporine, metabolic acidosis, renal disease, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)

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5
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

Normal: 3-4.5 mg/dl

Causes:
- increased phos binders
- Tums (has Ca)
- refeeding syndrome
- low intake
- HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

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6
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Normal: 3-4.5 mg/dl

Causes: high phos diet, not enough phos binders

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7
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Normal: 4.5-5.5 mEq/L; 9-11 mg/dl

Causes: vitamin D deficiency, glucocorticoids, loop diuretics, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia, renal failure

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8
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Normal: 4.5-5.5 mEq/L; 9-11 mg/dl

Causes: hyperparathyroidism, malignancies, calcium supplements, excessive vitamin D intake

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9
Q

Low BUN

A

Normal: 10-20 mg/dl

Causes: fluid overload, liver disease, malnutrition

meat intake could throw off BUN test

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10
Q

High BUN

A

Normal: 10-20 mg/dl

Causes:
dehydration
- fever
- burns
- CHF

renal dysfunction
- high protein diet
- kidney stones
- DKA

meat intake could throw off BUN test

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11
Q

Low creatinine

A

Normal: 0.6-1.4 mg/dl

Causes:
- muscle mass loss (elderly)
- muscle atrophy
- SCI
- liver disease
- fluid overload
- low protein diet

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12
Q

High creatinine

A

Normal: 0.6-1.4 mg/dl

Causes: Renal dysfunction, catabolism, athletes, hyperthyroidism, certain cancer and antibiotic meds

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13
Q

Elevated BUN:Cr ratio

A

Normal: 10:1-15:1

Causes: renal disease, CHF, dehydration

d/t decreased blood flow to kidneys

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14
Q

Hypoalbuminemia

A

Normal: 3.5-5 g/dl

Causes: surgery, trauma, infection, inflammation, Crohn’s, poor PO d/t illness, edema, fluid overload

3 week half life, doesn’t reflect current protein intake

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15
Q

Hyperalbuminemia

A

Normal: 3.5-5 g/dl

Causes: dehydration, severe diarrhea

3 week half life, doesn’t reflect current protein intake

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16
Q

Low pre-albumin (transthyretin)

A

Normal: 16-40 mg/dl

Causes:
- surgery, trauma, chronic illness
- low intake

17
Q

High pre-albumin (transthyretin)

A

Normal: 16-40 mg/dl

Causes: pregnancy, kidney disease, alcoholism

18
Q

Low Ferritin

A

Normal: F 10-150 ng/dl; M 12-300 ng/dl

Causes: iron deficiency

19
Q

High Ferritin

A

Normal:
- F 10-150 ng/dl
- M 12-300 ng/dl

Causes: liver disease, trauma, inflammation

20
Q

Low Transferrin (TIBC)

A

Normal: >200 mg/dl

Causes: liver disease, protein loss, trauma, inflammation

21
Q

High Transferrin (TIBC)

A

Normal: >200 mg/dl

Causes: iron deficiency

22
Q

Hematocrit

A

Normal: F 37-47%; M 42-52%; Pregnant 33%; Newborn 44-64%

23
Q

Low Hemoglobin

A

Normal: pregnant >11 g/dl; F 12-15 g/dl; M 14-17 g/dl

Causes: anemia, heavy menstrual cycle, nutrient deficiency, kidney disease

24
Q

High Hemoglobin

A

Normal: pregnant >11; F 12-15 mg/dl; M 14-17 mg/dl

Causes: smoking, living in high altitudes

25
Q

What is the normal level of RBP (retinol binding protein)? What does it circulate with?

A

3-6 mg/dl

Pre-albumin

26
Q

What is the normal level of Creatinine Height Index (CHI)? What does it estimate?

A

80%

Lean body mass/somatic protein

27
Q

What is the normal level of urinary creatinine clearance? What does it measure?

A

115 +/- 20 ml/min

GFR, renal function

28
Q

What is the normal total lymphocyte count? What does it measure and when is it decreased?

A

> 2700 cells/cu mm

Measures immunocompetency
Decreased in protein/kcal malnutrition

29
Q

What is normal prothrombin time (PT)? How do anticoagulants affect it?

A

11-12.5 seconds; 85-100% of normal

Anticoagulants prolong PT

30
Q

What are the normal/at risk/bad ranges for total cholesterol?

A

Normal: <200 Mg/dl
At risk: 200-239 mg/dl
Bad: >240 mg/dl

31
Q

What are the normal/at risk/high ranges for triglycerides?

A

Normal: <149 mg/dl
At risk: 150-199 mg/dl
High: >200 mg/dl

32
Q

What are the normal/at risk/high ranges for LDL?

A

Normal: <100 mg/dl
At risk: 130-159 mg/dl
High: >160 mg/dl

33
Q

What are the normal/at risk ranges for HDL?

A

Normal: >60 mg/dl
At risk: <39 mg/dl

34
Q

Normal/elevated/stage 1/ stage 2 ranges for BP?

A

Normal: <120/80 mmHg
Elevated: systolic 120-129 AND diastolic <80
Stage 1: systolic 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89
Stage 2: systolic at least 140 OR diastolic at least 90 mmHg

35
Q

Normal/impaired/diabetes BG levels?

A

Normal: FPG 70-100, 2hPG <140
Impaired: FPG 100-125, 2hPG 140-199
Diabetes: FPG 126+, GTT 200+

RD EXAM (11 decks)

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