Laboratory Tests

Question 1

Requested during insulin shock and hyperglycemic ketonic coma

RV:

Answer 1

RANDOM PLASMA GLUCOSE

RV: <160 mg/dL

Question 2

If RBS >160 mg/dL, perform:

Answer 2

FBS, HBA1C, 2hrsOGTT for confirmation

Question 3

Measure of overall glucose homeostasis

Fasting requirement:
RV:

Answer 3

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FBS)

Fasting: 8-12hrs, not more than 16 hours
RV: 70-99 mg/dL

Question 4

FBS

Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG):
Diabetic Value:
Increases with age:

Answer 4

Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG): 100-125 mg/dL
Diabetic Value: >126 mg/dL
Increases with age: 2 mg/dL/decade

Question 5

2hour Post Prandial Blood Glucose

standardize glucose load:
RV:

Answer 5

standardize glucose load: 75g of glucose
RV: 60 - 140 mg/dL

Question 6

2hour Post Prandial Blood Glucose

Hyperglycemia:
Diabetic Value:
Increase w/ age:

Answer 6

Hyperglycemia: 140 mg/dL
Diabetic Value: >200 mg/dL (next day, FBS/RBS should be performed)
Increase w/ age: 4mg/dL/decade

Question 7

Glycosylated = glucose attached to one or both of the _ chain of both beta chains.

Answer 7

terminal valine

Question 8

Preferred test to assess long-term glycemic control
* Reflects the average glucose level over the past 2-3months

RV:

Answer 8

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN (HbA1c) / GLYCATED HGB

RV:
Adult: 4.0 - 6.0% (American diabetes assoc. <5.7%)
o Pediatrics: <7.5%

Question 9

HbA1c is dependent of the ff:

Answer 9

1. RBC Life Span
2. Plasma Glucose Level

Question 10

HbA1c

Diabetic Value:
Pre-diabetes:

Answer 10

Diabetic Value: equal or >6.5%
Pre-diabetes: 5.7 - 6.4%

Question 11

Decrease life span is seen in:
Cannot perform HbA1c because it’s going to be low

Answer 11

Hemolytic anemia and Hemoglobinopathies
have FD HbA1c

Question 12

Fructosamine is also known as

RV:

Answer 12

GLYCOSYLATED/GLYCOLATED ALBUMIN PLASMA PROTEIN KETOAMINE

RV: 205 - 285 umol/L

Question 13

Substitute for HbA1c for hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinopathies
Useful for patients with decreased RBC life span like _

• Most widely used to assess short-term glycemic control (_)

Answer 13

Fructosamine;
Chronic hemolytic anemia, Hemoglobin C and S

3-6 weeks

Question 14

Fructosamine can’t be performed on px with hypoalbuminemia (dec
albumin): 30g/dL → since it causes

Answer 14

FD Fructosamine

Question 15

Fructosamine interferences:

Answer 15

high UA, TGA, Bilirubin, heparin, hepmolysis

Question 16

It is used to determine how well the body metabolizes glucose over a required period of time.
* Recommended for diagnosis of GDM
* Not routinely performed to diagnose DM

Answer 16

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST /
MULTIPLE SUGAR TEST

Question 17

two types of Glucose Tolerance Test

Answer 17

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGGT)

Question 18

Only test in CC not performed on bedridden px

Answer 18

OGTT (px should be ambulatory)

Question 19

OGTT Glucose Load:
▪ _ = WHO Standard Glucose Load
▪ _ = pregnant; as requested
▪ _= children (maximum of 75g)

Answer 19

▪ 75g = WHO Standard Glucose Load
▪ 100g = pregnant; as requested
▪ 1.75g of glucose/kilogram body weight = children (maximum of
75g)

Question 20

OGTT Recommended for non-pregnant px:

Answer 20

fasting: atleast 10 hrs (not longer 16hrs)
blood sample is taken after fasting (morning)
standardize glucose load (75g)
blood sample is taken 2 hours after glucose load

Question 21

OGTT unrestricted diet of _ prior to
testing

Answer 21

150g CHO/day for 3 days

Question 22

OGTT restrictions

Answer 22

exercise, food intake, drinking, smoking

smoking & alcohol: inc. BG

Question 23

Performed on patients with gastrointestinal disorders such as
malabsorption syndrome

Answer 23

IVGTT

Question 24

IVGTT
glucose load:
administered within:
total of blood coll:

Answer 24

glucose load: 0.5 g/KBW
administered within: 3 MINUTES
total of blood coll: 5 samples

Question 25

IVGTT
2nd sample:
4th sample:

Answer 25

2nd sample: only used to determine if IV is successfully administered
4th sample: used to diagnose DM