DM Flashcards
Type 1 DM Other Names
Insulin dependent DM
Brittle dx
Juvenile onset
Ketosis prone diabetes
Type 2 DM Other Names
Noninsulin dependent DM
Adult / Mature onset
Ketosis resistant DM
Stable DM
Receptor deficient DM
- Occurs because of beta cell destruction
- lead to insulinopenia / absolute insulin deficiency
- Will only manifest if _ of beta cells are destroyed
Type 1 DM
80-90%
Insulin resistance due to alteration or absence of insulin receptors
Type 2 DM
Occurs at any age group
Type 1 and Type 2
Most common to childhood / teens
Type 1 DM
Most common among adults
Type 2 DM
An Autoimmune Dx
(+) Autoantibodies
Type 1 DM
Pre-diabetes Stage Autoantibodies
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase – adults
Insulin AubtoAb – common to children
Islet cells AutoAb
Tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2 and IA-2B)
Insulinoma-assoc. Protein 2-AutoAb
Zinc transporter 8 AutoAb
(+) Autoantibodies in adults
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase
(+) Autoantibodies in common to children
Insulin AubtoAb
Type 2 Risk Factors
Genetics, Race, Ethnicity, Obesity, Sedentary Lifestyle, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Symptoms develop gradually
Milder symptoms / sometimes asymptomatic
Type 2 DM
Symptoms develop gradually
Milder symptoms / sometimes asymptomatic
Type 2 DM
Symptoms develop abruptly
Type 1 DM
Detectable C-peptide
Type 2 DM
Decreased or undetectable
Type 1 DM
Substance formed when insulin is produced by the beta cells of pancreas
C-peptide
Beta cells produce _ (insulin + C-peptide) which is inactive so it must be cleaved first, only then insulin can act
proinsulin N
ketosis is common
Type 1 DM
ketosis is rare
Type 2 DM
Type 1 DM Medication
Insulin
Type 2 DM Medication
Oral agent
(Metformin - increase insulin sensitivity)
- It does not have β-cell autoantibodies and have episodic requirements for insulin replacement
- Cause of the disorder is unknown
Idiopathic Type 1 DM
_ GDM converts to type 2 DM after 10 years that’s why women with GDM should be evaluated _ after birth
30-40%;
6-12 weeks
A type of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy
* Disorder characterized by impaired ability to metabolize carbohydrate
usually caused by a deficiency of insulin, metabolic or hormonal changes.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)
GDM screening should be performed between _ of gestation
24 to 28 weeks
