Label Reading Flashcards

1
Q

T/F
A New World wine label requires:

A brand name

A

True

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2
Q

T/F
A New World wine label requires:

The class or type of wine

A

True

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3
Q

T/F
A New World wine label requires:
The name and address of the bottler

A

True

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4
Q

T/F
A New World wine label requires:
The alcohol content of the wine

A

True

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5
Q

T/F
A New World wine label requires:
A sulfite statement

A

True

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6
Q

T/F
A New World wine label requires:
A health warning

A

True

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7
Q

T/F
A New World wine label requires:
The net content of the bottle

A

True

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8
Q

What are the two types of generic wine allowed under American law?

A

Vermouth and Sake

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9
Q

T/F
Producers of vermouth do not have to indicate the geographical source of their grapes

A

True

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10
Q

T/F
Producers of sake do not have to indicate the geographical source of their rice

A

True

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11
Q

After _____ , many US producers attracted market interest by naming their wines after well-known European appellations

A

Prohibition

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12
Q

The ___ juggles long time domestic usage with pressure from European wine interests in deciding which wine descriptions it will permit

A

TTB

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13
Q

T/F
A fully generic term may not be used in any form on an American wine label

A

True

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14
Q

A semi-generic term must be used in conjunction with __ _________ _____ ____

A

An American place name

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15
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?

Rioja

A

Fully

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16
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?

Beaujolais

A

Fully

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17
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?
Bordeaux

A

Fully

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18
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?
Port

A

Semi

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19
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?
Sherry

A

Semi

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20
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?
Marsala

A

Semi

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21
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?
Sauterne

A

Semi

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22
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?

Tokay

A

Semi

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23
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?
Chianti

A

Semi

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24
Q

Fully- or Semi- Generic?
Chablis

A

Semi

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25
Q

Can a wine labeled “California Sherry” be exported to Europe?

A

No

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26
Q

Can an American sparkling wine that wishes to avoid “semi-generic” status use the word “Champagne” on its label?

A

No

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27
Q

Can an American sparkling wine that wishes to avoid “semi-generic” status use the words “méthode champanoise” on its label?

A

No

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28
Q

Can an American sparkling wine that wishes to avoid “semi-generic” status use the words “naturally fermented in this bottle” on the label?

A

Yes

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29
Q

Can an American sparkling wine that wishes to avoid “semi-generic” status use words like “Brut” or “Extra Dry” on the label?

A

Yes

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30
Q

T/F
All US wines must show some indication of the type of wine they contain

A

True

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31
Q

If a US wine is varietally labeled, the wine must contain at least ____% of grapes from that variety

A

75%

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32
Q

If an Oregon wine is varietally labeled, the wine must contain at least ____% of grapes from that variety

A

90%

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33
Q

If an EU wine is varietally labeled, the wine must contain at least ____% of grapes from that variety

A

85%

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34
Q

Will the EU allow US varietally labeled wines to be imported?

A

Yes

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35
Q

If a wine made from Native American Grapes is varietally labeled, the wine must contain at least ____% of grapes from that variety

A

51%

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36
Q

T/F
In the case where no one grape variety makes up 75% or more of the wine, a varietal label is permitted only if all the blended varieties are named, with their percentages

A

True

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37
Q

T/F
In the US, there is no requirement that a wine labeled as a varietal indicate the other grapes that have been used to fill in the other 25% (or less)

A

True

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38
Q

T/F
A US producer may indicate the full blending proportions on the back label if they choose

A

True

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39
Q

_____ wines are those protected by trademark

A

Proprietary

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40
Q

American or European?
Stress the importance of terroir

A

European

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41
Q

American or European?
Belief that great wine is made in the winery, using the best grapes, no matter where they are grown

A

American

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42
Q

In 1978, the first American ____ were established

A

AVAs

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43
Q

What does TTB stand for?

A

Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

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44
Q

Who approves new American AVAs?

A

TTB

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45
Q

Should an AVA be able to be precisely defined on a US Geological Survey map?

A

Yes

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46
Q

Should an AVA use a name that has been commonly or historically associated with the area?

A

Yes

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47
Q

Should an AVA have climate, soil, aspect, elevation, and other geological features that make it distinct from surrounding wine producing areas?

A

Yes

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48
Q

Where was the first AVA awarded?

A

Augusta, Missouri (June 20, 1980)

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49
Q

What is the second AVA to be named?

A

Napa Valley, CA

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50
Q

Is a vintage date optional on an American wine label?

A

Yes

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51
Q

What is the caveat if a vintage date is included on a wine label?

A

The place indicator must be more specific than a country

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52
Q

If an AVA or equivalent foreign appellation is named with a vintage date, _____% of the grapes are required to be from that year

A

95%

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53
Q

If the wine is not an AVA (or foreign equivalent), what is the threshold amount for vintage labeling?

A

85%

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54
Q

Is Bottling Date required on an American wine label?

A

No

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55
Q

US: A wine labeled with a country name must contain at least _____% content from that country

A

75%

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56
Q

A _____ on a wine label may be a winery, a wine merchant, an importer, or even a retailer that has contracted for the wine to be produced under its own label

A

Bottler

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57
Q

New World: “_____ _____” on a label means 75% of grapes were crushed by the producer indicated

A

Produced By

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58
Q

New World: “_____ _____” may be indicated if at least 10% of the fruit is crushed by the listed name

A

Made By

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59
Q

New World: “_____ _____” is an alternative name allowed if less than 10% of the grapes are crushed by the name listed (3 options)

A

Cellared By
Selected By
Vinted By

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60
Q

New World: “_____ , _____ , and _____ by” indicates that the winery grew 100% of the grapes on land it owned and controlled (for a three-year minimum lease), crushed them, made, finished, and bottled the wine, under a specific AVA indication

A

Grown, Produced, and Cellared By

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61
Q

New World: “_____ _____” wines must come from a vineyard or vineyards owned or leased (for at least three years) by a winery, within a single AVA, in which the winery itself is located, on a 100% basis

A

Estate bottled

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62
Q

In the American system, why is the 14% alcohol level important?

A

Tax reasons

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63
Q

In the American system, wines with an alcohol level under 14% are considered “ _____ _____” and taxed at a lower rate

A

Table wines

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64
Q

In the American system, wines with an alcohol level above 14% are considered “ _____ _____” (no matter how sweet) and taxed at a higher rate

A

Dessert wines

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65
Q

In the US, what the minimum alcohol level to be called “wine”?

A

7%

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66
Q

If an alcohol percentage is indicated, how much variation does the TTB allow?

A

1.5%

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67
Q

Under the American system, do you need to put the percentage of alcohol if your wine is under 14%?

A

No

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68
Q

Under the American system, do you need to put the percentage of alcohol if your wine is over 14%?

A

Yes

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69
Q

If a US wine is under 14% alcohol and does not state the exact alcohol percentage, what can the label read instead?

A

Table wine

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70
Q

If a wine is over 14% alcohol in the US, how much variation in alcohol percentage is allowed from the one stated?

A

1%

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71
Q

The law requires that any wine containing more than _____ parts per million of sulfur dioxide must indicate on the label that it “Contains Sulfites”

A

10

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72
Q

Why do most organic certification bodies still permit the use of sulfites?

A

Producing a wine that will not rapidly spoil without adding sulfites is nearly impossible

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73
Q

What are the two Health Warnings that must be displayed on a US wine label?

A
  1. Drinking when pregnant increases the risk of birth defects
  2. Alcohol impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery and may cause health problems
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74
Q

Can Health Claims as to the benefits wine be made on a label in the US?

A

No

75
Q

In every state except 1, the term _____ has no legal significance

A

Reserve

76
Q

In which state does the term “Reserve” have a legal meaning?

A

Washington State

77
Q

Are terms like “Dry” and “Sweet” legally defined in the US?

A

No

78
Q

Is the term “Old Vines” regulated in the US?

A

No

79
Q

Is the term “Special Selection” regulated in the US?

A

No

80
Q

Is the TTB strict about label artwork or content that it might consider to be misleading or indecent?

A

Yes

81
Q

US:
This is usually the most prominent item on a label. For premium wines, this is usually the name of the producing winery.

A

Brand Name

82
Q

US:
This includes fruit wine, rice wine, mead, sparkling grape juice, and still wine (which can be generic, semi-generic, or varietal)

A

Class or Type of Wine

83
Q

US:
This includes fruit wine, rice wine, mead, sparkling grape juice, and still wine (which can be generic, semi-generic, or varietal)

A

Class or Type of Wine

84
Q

US:
This typically appears in small print at the bottom of the label

A

Name and Address of Bottler

85
Q

US:
This is given in percent by volume and can be found lurking near the bottom of the label in small print

A

Alcohol content

86
Q

US:
Wines containing more than 10 parts per million of sulfur dioxide - which means nearly all wine - must carry a _____ _____ such as “Contains Sulfites”

A

Sulfite Statement

87
Q

US:
All alcoholic beverages sold in the US must have a _____ warning on the label

A

Health

88
Q

US:
This is the volume of wine in the bottle

A

Net Content of Bottle

89
Q

This must appear on all foreign wines sold in the US: _____ __ and ___ __ ___ _________

A

Imported By and Name of the Importer

90
Q

US:
If a varietal or semi-generic wine type designation is used, then the _____ __ ______ must be listed on the label

A

Appellation of Origin

91
Q

US:
If a _____ _____ appears on a label, 95% of the wine within must have been harvested and crushed the year named

A

Vintage Date

92
Q

US:
If a _____ _____ is used, 95% of the grapes must have been grown there

A

Vineyard Name

93
Q

US:
To use this term, the wine must have an AVA appellation

A

Estate Bottled

94
Q

US:
To use the term “Estate Bottled” the winery must be located _____ __ _____

A

In the AVA that it lists

95
Q

US:
To use the term “Estate Bottled” the winery have grown _____% of the grapes used on land owned or controlled by the winery within the appellation

A

100

96
Q

US:
To use the term “Estate Bottled” the winery must have _____ the grapes, _____ the resulting must, and _____ , _____ , and _____ the wine in a continuous process

A

Crushed
Fermented
Finished
Aged
Bottled

97
Q

US:
This may appear in front of the bottler’s name and address if the winery meets all the conditions for “estate bottled” but is not located in the AVA

A

Grown, Produced, and Bottled by

98
Q

US:
The significance of terms like “ Old Vines”, “Reserve”, and “Special Selection” depends entirely on

A

The winery using them

99
Q

US:
75% of the fruit was crushed by the name listed on the label

A

Produced by

100
Q

US:
10% of the fruit was crushed by the name listed on the label

A

Made by

101
Q

US:
Less than 10% of the fruit was crushed by the name listed on the label (3 answers)

A

Cellared by, Selected by, Vinted by

102
Q

Every major wine producing country in Europe is a member of:

A

The EU (European Union)

103
Q

Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region is the former term for what is now labeled as:

A

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

104
Q

Table wine with a geographical indication will be labeled as (EU):

A

Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

105
Q

Table wine without a geographical indication (EU):

A

Wine

106
Q

Who determines which regions qualify for PDO

A

The individual countries

107
Q

EU: When the name of a place is mentioned on a label, _____% of the wine must be from that place

A

100%

108
Q

EU: For stated vintage dates, _____% of the wine must conform to that vintage

A

85%

109
Q

EU: If the label lists one grape variety, _____% of the wine must be made from that variety

A

85%

110
Q

Is listing a variety on a label permitted in the EU?

A

Yes

111
Q

EU: If two or three grapes are mentioned on a label, _____% of the wine must derive from those grapes

A

100%

112
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vin de Table

A

France, Wine

113
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vin de France

A

France, Wine

114
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vin de Pays

A

France, PGI

115
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Indication Géographique Protégée

A

France, PGI

116
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)

A

France, PDO

117
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Appellation d’Origine Protégée (AOP)

A

France, PDO

118
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vino da Tavola

A

Italy, Wine

119
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vino

A

Italy and/or Spain, Wine

120
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

A

Italy, PGI

121
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Indicazione Geografica Protetta (IGP)

A

Italy, PGI

122
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)

A

Italy, PDO

123
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)

A

Italy, PDO

124
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Denominazione di Origine Protetta (DOP)

A

Italy, PDO

125
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vino de Mesa

A

Spain, Wine

126
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vino de La Tierra

A

Spain, PGI

127
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Indicación Geográfica Protegida (IGP)

A

Spain, PGI

128
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Denominación de Origen (DO)

A

Spain, PDO

129
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)

A

Spain, PDO

130
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP)

A

Spain, PDO

131
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vinho de Mesa

A

Portugal, Wine

132
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vinho

A

Portugal, Wine

133
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Vinho Regional

A

Portugal, PGI

134
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Indicação Geográfica Protegida (IGP)

A

Portugal, PGI

135
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC)

A

Portugal, PDO

136
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Denominação de Origem Protegida

A

Portugal, PDO

137
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Deutscher Wein

A

Germany, Wine

138
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Deutscher Landwein Geschützte Geografische Angabe

A

Germany, PGI

139
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Qualitatswein Bestimmter Anbaugebiete (QbA)

A

Germany, PDO

140
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Qualitatswein mit Pradikat (QmP)

A

Germany, PDO

141
Q

Name the country and level of wine (Wine, PGI, PDO):
Geschützte Ursprungbezerichnung

A

Germany, PDO

142
Q

There are more than _____ AOCs in France

A

300

143
Q

The vin de table category accounts for about _____% of all French wines

A

15%

144
Q

The vin de pays category accounts for over a _____ of all French wines

A

Quarter

145
Q

A winemaking property in Bordeaux is referred to as a:

A

Château

146
Q

In Bordeaux, the name of the château itself is an important indicator of _____

A

Quality

147
Q

What happened in Bordeaux in 1954

A

A classification of the chateaux of the Saint-Émilion AOC

148
Q

In Bordeaux, wine that contains an additional percentage of alcohol may be labeled:

A

Supérieur

149
Q

“Great Classified Growths”

A

Grand Cru Classé

150
Q

“First Great Classified Growth”

A

Premier Grand Cru Classé

151
Q

There are _____ Grand Cru Classé in Saint-Émilion

A

57

152
Q

There are _____ Premier Grand Cru Classé in Saint-Émilion

A

15

153
Q

Of the 15 Premier Grand Cru Classé in Saint-Émilion, 2 are further classified as category A.

What are they called?

A

Château Pavie & Château Figeac

154
Q

You can find Cru Classé in which AOC?

A

Graves

155
Q

How many chateaux are in Graves Cru Classé?

A

16

156
Q

What happened in 1855 in Bordeaux?

A

The original classification

157
Q

A number of quality-minded smaller châteaux from the Médoc AOC banded together to form a marketing consortium known as:

A

Cru Bourgeois

158
Q

What’s more important in Burgundy, the producer or the vineyard?

A

The vineyard

159
Q

This French AOC is the only one to officially allow the name of the varietal on the label

A

Alsace AOC

160
Q

In Alsace, what does “Edelzwicker” indicate on a label?

A

A “noble mixture”; a blend of 2 or more varieties

161
Q

In Alsace, what does Grand Cru indicate on a label

A

A 100% varietal wine from one of the best sites in Alsace

162
Q

In Alsace, what does “Selection de Grains Nobles” indicate on a label?

A

A selection of noble grapes that are harvested late and affected by noble rot

163
Q

When did the Super Tuscans appear in Italy?

A

1970’s

164
Q

What year did Italy create the IGT where Super Tuscans have found a home?

A

1992

165
Q

In 1996, in Italy, it became illegal for Vini da Tavola to indicate _____ , _____ , or _____

A

Geographic origin, variety, vintage

166
Q

Can IGT wines be varietally labeled in Italy?

A

Yes

167
Q

In Germany, must weight is measured in what unit?

A

Degrees Oeschsle

168
Q

The lowest 2 levels of German wine (Deutscher Wein & Deutscher Landwein) only make up about _____% of production and are rarely seen outside of Germany

A

5%

169
Q

Which is a higher category: QBA or QmP?

A

QmP

170
Q

Which quality tier translates as “quality wine from a delimited production area”

A

QBA

171
Q

Which quality tier translates as “quality wine with special attributes”?

A

QmP

172
Q

In Germany, quality levels are primarily based on _____ _____ rather than on _____

A

Must Weight, Geography

173
Q

Is chapitalization allowed on a Prädikat wine?

A

No

174
Q

The 6 Prädikat levels reflect must weight _____ ______ , NOT the _____ sugar level of the finished wine

A

Before fermentation, ultimate

175
Q

Name the Prädikat levels from least-ripe at time of harvest to most-ripe

A
  1. Kabinett
  2. Spätlese
  3. Auslese
  4. Beerenauslese
  5. Eiswein
  6. Trockenbeerenauslese
176
Q

What does Trocken mean on a German label?

A

Dry

177
Q

What does Classic mean on a German label?

A

Dry

178
Q

What does Selection mean on a German label?

A

Dry

179
Q

What does Halbtrocken mean on a German label?

A

Off-Dry

180
Q

What does Feinherb mean on a German label?

A

Off-Dry

181
Q

What does Keller mean on a German label?

A

Cellar

182
Q

What does Winzer mean on a German label?

A

Grape Grower

183
Q

What does Rotwein mean on a German label?

A

Red Wine